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莫道不销魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:221
  莫道不销魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦的意思

  谁说此情此景,不令人黯然神伤,阵阵秋风卷起帷帘,闺中的人比菊花还要清瘦。

  《醉花阴》

  李清照

  薄雾浓云愁永昼,瑞脑消金兽。佳节又重阳,玉枕纱厨,半夜凉初透。

  东篱把酒黄昏后,有暗香盈袖。莫道不消魂。帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦。

  赏析

  这首词是作者婚后所作,抒发的是重阳佳节思念丈夫的心情。传说清照将此词寄给赵明诚后,惹得明诚比试之心大起,遂三夜未眼,作词数阕,然终未胜过清照的这首《醉花阴》。

  全片由一个“愁”字统领。词的上片主要写独处的愁苦。“薄雾浓云愁永昼,瑞脑销金兽。”地面薄雾弥漫,天空浓云笼罩,室内香炉里轻烟飘散,这长长的白昼真让人难熬啊!常言道:欢娱嫌日短,苦愁怨更长。此二句移情于景、移情于物,渲染出浓烈的愁苦气氛:天愁、地愁、物愁、人更愁。更何况“佳节又重阳”,一个“又”字,说明词人不止一次一个人独处重阳了。词人化用王维“每逢佳节倍思亲“一句,借愁句更添愁思,怎不叫人分外伤心!独自一人入睡,却久久不能成眠,身凉心更凉。

  下片写思夫的深切。“东篱把酒黄昏后,有暗香盈袖。”原应与丈夫把酒赏菊,共享花香,无奈“借酒消愁愁更愁”,勾起对丈夫更为强烈的思念:“莫道不消魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦。” “愁”字被进一步深化。凄凉的西风吹处,卷帘飞起,帘内的思妇久久凝望着黄花沉思默想……黄花、佳人,原应互相比美,然心在丈夫身上的佳人,却因思夫之愁更比黄花瘦。怎一个“愁”字了得!

  词人善于用典,善于用喻,善于寄情于景于物。“佳节又重阳”化用王维《九月九日忆山东兄弟》中的诗句“每逢佳节倍思亲”使愁绪更长;”东篱把酒黄昏后”化用陶渊明”采菊东篱下”的诗句;”有暗香盈袖”一句借用古诗”馨香盈怀袖,路远莫致之”的诗意,极写离别之恨.

  从天气到瑞脑金兽、玉枕纱厨、帘外菊花,词人用她愁苦的心情来看这一切,无不涂上一层愁苦的感情色彩。

  在末了三句里,“人比黄花瘦”一句是警句。“瘦”字并且是词眼。词眼犹人之眼目,它是全词精神集中表现的地方。

  以花木之“瘦”,比人之瘦,诗词中不乏类似的句子,这是因为正是“莫道不消魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦”这三句,才共同创造出一个凄清寂寥的深秋怀人的境界。“莫道不消魂”,直承“东篱把酒”以“人拟黄花”的比喻,与全词的整体形象相结合。“帘卷西风”一句,更直接为“人比黄花瘦”句作环境气氛的渲染,使人想象出一幅画面:重阳佳节佳人独对西风中的瘦菊。有了时令与环境气氛的烘托,“人比黄花瘦”才有了更深厚的寄托,此句也才能为千古传诵的佳句。

  这首词末了一个“瘦”字,归结全首词的情意,上面种种景物描写,都是为了表达这点精神,因而它确实称得上是“词眼”。在这里,词人巧妙地将思妇与菊花相比,展现出两个迭印的镜头:一边是萧瑟的秋风摇撼着羸弱的瘦菊,一边是思妇布满愁云的憔悴面容,情景交融,创设出了一种凄苦绝伦的境界。 以炼字来说,李清照另有《如梦令》“绿肥红瘦”之句,为人所传诵。这里她说的“人比黄花瘦”一句,也是前人未曾说过的,有它突出的创造性。

  【译文】

  稀薄的雾气浓密的云层掠起烦愁直到白昼,龙脑的香料早已在炉金兽中烧完了。美好的节日又到重阳,洁白的瓷枕,轻纱笼罩的床厨,昨日半夜的凉气刚刚浸透。

  在东篱饮酒直饮到黄昏以后,淡淡的黄菊清香飘满双袖。别说不会消损神魂,珠帘卷起是由于被受西风,闺中少妇比黄花更加消瘦。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:莫道不销魂,帘卷西风,人比黄花瘦的意思

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  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000278s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000249s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000241s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000328s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000216s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000413s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6426 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000288s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000389s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 222 WHERE `id` = 6426 [ RunTime:0.001683s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000245s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000278s ]
0.076020s