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潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:854
  潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬的意思

  江水潮涨,漫平两岸,江面变得浩浩荡荡,辽阔无边;顺风的白帆,远远望去,好像悬挂在碧蓝的空中。

  《次北固山下》

  王湾

  客路青山下,行舟绿水前。

  潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬。

  海日生残夜,江春入旧年。

  乡书何处达?归雁洛阳边。 

  【赏析】

  《次北固山下》是千古传颂的名篇,其中“潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬”、“海日生残夜,江春入旧年”是备受称赞的名句。这首诗描绘了诗人在北固山下停泊时所见到青山绿水、潮平岸阔等江南景象,但时近春节,头顶大雁,发出了“乡书何处达”的感叹。全诗意境优美,情景交融,抒发了诗人旅居外地时深切的思乡之情。

  王湾是洛阳人,一生中常往来于吴楚之间。北固山,在今江苏镇江市以北,三面临江。诗人的这次出行,当是经镇江到江南一带去。诗人一路行来,当舟次北固山下的时候,潮平岸阔,残夜归雁,触发了心中的情思,吟成了这一千古名篇。诗中字里行间流露着淡淡的思乡愁绪。全诗对仗工整,跳跃洒脱,叙事明确,写景逼真,和谐优美。

  王湾(693~751),唐代诗人,字号不详。喻守真在《唐诗三百首详析》中说:“王湾,洛阳人,先天中进士,开元中分校祕书,终洛阳尉。”曾经两次参加朝中校理群书工作,后任洛阳尉。王湾成名很早,往来于吴、楚之间,著述很多。公元712年中进士,次年(唐玄宗开元元年)出游吴地,由洛阳沿运河南下瓜州,后乘舟东渡大江抵京口(今镇江,即北固山所在地),接着东行去苏州,此诗当作于此时。这是一首写风景的诗,作者就长江的风景,引起旅途的乡愁,即所谓的即景生情。在旅途中,有感于江南春早,旧年将尽,远行未归,触发思乡情怀的一首抒情诗。

  “客路青山外,行舟绿水前。”山青了,水绿了,天暖了,春来了,飘流他乡的游子舟行于“青山”之外,扬帆于“绿水”之前,清新而又明快,令人赏心而又悦目。诗人以平实之笔开篇,描绘一幅如诗如画的青山绿水画卷,与下联的“两岸”、“一帆”对水陆的描写有着密切的联关系,为抒情言志创设出收缩自如的挥洒空间,也为后文触发诗人的乡愁设下了埋伏的一笔。

  “潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬。”这一联完全是写景,积雪融化,汇集了千山万壑之水,长江的水量逐渐大了起来,江面因此而愈发宽广,再加高高挂起船帆,使得江面愈加辽阔。辽阔的江水衬托着“一帆”,勾勒出一幅鲜明壮美的大江行船图画。“平”、“阔”、“正”、“悬”堪称为诗眼。

  “海日生残夜,江春入旧年。”此联为即景生情之关键,北固山是扬子江的中段,早起的诗人举目东望,只见江天一色,一轮红日从东方江海相接的地平线上慢慢升起,回眸西探,却见西边天幕上的夜色尚未完全褪去;一夜之间已是中分二年,早上升起的海日预示着新的一年正在开始,春天已按捺不住自己的脚步,悄悄渡江北上走进了旧年。“生”和“入”的选用,把一个昼夜更替的壮观景象与新旧相接的时光荏苒描绘的传神入化,给人开辟出自由想象的无限空间。日复一日,年复一年,他乡做客日久,自然引起归乡愁思,诗人把浓浓的乡情巧妙地融入于“海日”、“江春”之中,在此昼夜更替、新旧相接之时萌发思乡之情是自然而然,合情合理的,因此自然地引出尾联的盼望托雁传书。

  “乡书何处达,归雁洛阳边。”诗人看着眼前的“平潮”、“悬帆”、“海日”、“江春”,不由得萌发出一个美好的愿望,那就是借鸿雁传书以寄托无尽的归乡情思。这一联是中间两联景物描写所触发的思想之情,即景生情,也是对首联的照应,使作品中所描写的客观景物通通着上了人的感情色彩。

  作品不仅清新流畅,容情于景,即景生情,同时又具有极其鲜明合理的层次性,诗中的任何两联之间都有着鲜明的逻辑顺序,不可随意调换。

  译文

  行客要走的道路呀,就在青青的北固山之外,碧波荡漾的长江之上。江水潮涨,漫平两岸,江面变得浩浩荡荡,辽阔无边;顺风的白帆,远远望去,好像悬挂在碧蓝的空中。红日从东海上冉冉升起,冲破残夜,驱尽大地的黑暗;大江弥漫着温煦的气息,春天提早进入了旧年。书信早已写好,如何寄回家园?掠过晴空的北归鸿雁啊,拜托你们,把信捎到洛阳那边。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬的意思

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  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000373s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000602s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000300s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000372s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000270s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000539s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000353s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000297s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000272s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000339s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000223s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000395s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6435 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000291s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000333s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 855 WHERE `id` = 6435 [ RunTime:0.001642s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000229s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
0.075021s