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《崔九欲往南山马上口号与别》归山深浅去 须尽丘壑美
作者:裴迪 发布日期:2022-12-26 点击数:1815

 

崔九欲往南山马上口号与别
裴迪 〔唐代〕


归山深浅去,须尽丘壑美。
莫学武陵人,暂游桃源里。


《崔九欲往南山马上口号与别》是唐代诗人裴迪创作的一首劝勉诗。此诗劝勉崔九既要隐居,就必须坚定不移,不要三心两意,入山复出,不甘久隐。全诗用语浅淡,近乎口语,或暗用典,或明用典,或正劝,或反讽,喻之以理,晓之以情,在看似平淡的外表下蕴涵着浓郁的朋友情谊,含意颇为深远。

名家点评

李杰、王安庭《裴迪山水诗初探》:从“闻说桃源好迷客,不如高卧眄庭柯”(《春日与王右丞过新昌里访吕逸人不遇》)和“深山归浅去,须尽丘壑美。莫学武陵人,暂游桃源里”(《崔九欲往南山马上口号与别》),都能明显的看出裴迪对陶公笔下桃源理想的向往和追求,这个理念不是只运用在诗歌中,而是深深地熔铸在了作者的灵魂里,凝聚成一种淡雅自然,率性宁静的艺术精神。

译文及注释

译文


归隐山林去到最深处,山峦沟壑要尽情地赏玩。
千万别学陶渊明笔下那个武陵人,只在桃花源短暂地游了游就匆匆出去。

注释

崔九:即崔兴宗,尝与王维、裴迪同居辋川。
南山:即辋川南边的终南山,故诗中说他“归山”。
马上口号:在马背上顺口吟成诗句。《全唐诗》此诗题下注:一作“留别王维”。
丘壑:既指丘陵川壑,也是暗用典故,含劝友人隐逸山林,莫改初衷之意。
武陵人:指陶潜《桃花源记》中的武陵渔人。


创作背景

  作者生活的时代大约属于唐玄宗和唐肃宗时期,这首大约作于唐玄宗后期,具体创作时间不详。那个时候由于唐玄宗任用奸相李林甫,宠幸杨贵妃,政治十分黑暗,下层知识分子无法入仕。崔九即崔兴宗,盛唐诗人,早年与裴迪、王维隐居唱和,后来出仕为官,官至右补阙,但不久即对官场生活产生厌恶情绪,去官归隐。裴迪为之饯行送别,作此诗以劝勉。


赏析

  这是一首劝勉诗,劝勉崔九既要隐居,就必须坚定不移,不要三心两意,入山复出,不甘久隐。全诗用语浅淡,近乎口语,或暗用典,或明用典,或正劝,或反讽,喻之以理,晓之以情,在看似平淡的外表下蕴涵着浓郁的朋友情谊,含意颇为深远。

  “归山深浅去,须尽丘壑美。”这两句是说这次回到山里之后,不论入山深浅,都要饱览山川之秀丽,林木之幽美。这当然是劝勉崔兴宗不要再留恋世俗的生活,把对山水的感情升华到一种与世俗生活相对立的高度,这与他们对现实的厌倦与反感有关。起句点题“送”字。诗人看着崔九向山中走去,于是劝勉他说,山中自有美妙之景,足以自得于心,一丘一壑,皆可怡性养神。次句“丘壑”用典,讽劝友人隐逸山林,莫改初衷,为下文预设伏笔。

  后两句紧依次句而写,化用陶渊明《桃花源记》典故,含蕴深刻。既是劝勉友人坚持初衷,尽享山水之乐,同时暗含这一层意思:如果弃隐入仕,以后想再度归隐,怕就难了。这里“暂”字用得极妙,与次句“尽”字相对。次句从正面劝说,结尾二句从反面劝勉。这一正一反,思虑周全,语意婉转,谆谆嘱咐,浓浓友情,溢于字里行间。

  结尾两句是劝崔兴宗隐居丘壑,既然在山水间找到了生活的真趣,就不要再从那个境界里返回到现实中来了。这一方面表达了对隐居生活的肯定,另一方面也表达了对现实的不满。之所以作者要人留恋那个“不知有汉,无论魏晋”的世外桃源,是因为他们在现实中屡屡失败,一方面产生了对现实生活的反感,另一方面也更深刻地认识了现实生活。当时像裴迪、崔兴宗这样的寒士是没有出路的,他们宁愿隐居山林,过一种与世隔绝的生活。因此作者劝他的朋友,既然在山水之间找到了真趣,找到了自己思想感情的寄托,就不要像陶渊明《桃花源记》里的武陵人一样,找到了桃花源却轻易地放弃了。作者认为这是一个错误,因此他说:“莫学武陵人,暂游桃源里。”▲


裴迪(716-?),唐代诗人,河东(今山西)人。官蜀州刺史及尚书省郎。其一生以诗文见称,是盛唐著名的山水田园诗人之一。与大诗人王维、杜甫关系密切。早年与“诗佛”王维过从甚密,晚年居辋川、终南山,两人来往更为频繁,故其诗多是与王维的唱和应酬之作。“寒山转苍翠,秋水日潺谖。倚仗柴门外,临风听暮蝉。渡头余落日,墟里上孤烟。复值接舆醉,狂歌五柳前。”这首号称“诗中有画”的诗篇就是王维闲居辋川时答赠裴迪的。受王维的影响,裴迪的诗大多为五绝,描写的也常是幽寂的景色,大抵和王维山水诗相近。

 



有才子曰:《崔九欲往南山马上口号与别》归山深浅去 须尽丘壑美

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  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000719s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001378s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001041s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001296s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000714s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001507s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000882s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000987s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001426s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000897s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000840s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001091s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001787s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000818s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002427s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 648 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001127s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001660s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000738s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 1816 WHERE `id` = 648 [ RunTime:0.002359s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002083s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000928s ]
0.150558s