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天长路远魂飞苦,梦魂不到关山难的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:205
  天长路远魂飞苦,梦魂不到关山难的意思

  因为天高路远,因为重重关山难以度越,所以即使是梦中的魂魄也飞不到,魂魄也飞得极其艰苦。

  《长相思》

  李白

  长相思,在长安。

  络纬秋啼金井阑,微霜凄凄簟色寒。

  孤灯不明思欲绝,卷帷望月空长叹。

  美人如花隔云端!

  上有青冥之长天,下有渌水之波澜。

  天长路远魂飞苦,梦魂不到关山难。

  长相思,摧心肝!

  赏析

  李白七言歌行往往逞足笔力,写得豪迈奔放,但他也有一些诗篇能在豪放飘逸的同时兼有含蓄的思致。象这首《长相思》,大约是他离开长安后于沉思中回忆过往情绪之作,就显然属于这样的作品。

  “长相思”本汉代诗中语(如《古诗》:“客从远方来,遗我一书札。上言长相思,下言久离别”),六朝诗人多以名篇(如陈后主、徐陵、江总等均有作),并以“长相思”发端,属乐府《杂曲歌辞》。现存歌辞多写思妇之怨。李白此诗即拟其格而别有寄寓。

  诗大致可分两段。一段从篇首至“美人如花隔云端”,写诗中人“在长安”的相思苦情。诗中描绘的是一个孤栖幽独者的形象。他(或她)居处非不华贵——这从“金井阑”可以窥见,但内心却感到寂寞和空虚。作者是通过环境气氛层层渲染的手法,来表现这一人物的感情的。先写所闻——阶下纺织娘凄切地鸣叫。虫鸣则岁时将晚,孤栖者的落寞之感可知。其次写肌肤所感,正是“霜送晓寒侵被”时候,他更不能成眠了。“微霜凄凄”当是通过逼人寒气感觉到的。而“簟色寒”更暗示出其人已不眠而起。眼前是“罗帐灯昏”,益增愁思。一个“孤”字不仅写灯,也是人物心理写照,从而引起一番思念。“思欲绝”(犹言想煞人)可见其情之苦。于是进而写卷帷所见,那是一轮可望而不可即的明月呵,诗人心中想起什么呢,他发出了无可奈何的一声长叹。这就逼出诗中关键的一语:“美人如花隔云端。”“长相思”的题意到此方才具体表明。这个为诗中人想念的如花美人似乎很近,近在眼前;却到底很远,远隔云端。与月儿一样,可望而不可即。由此可知他何以要“空长叹”了。值得注意的是,这句是诗中唯一的单句(独立句),给读者的印象也就特别突出,可见这一形象正是诗人要强调的。

  以下直到篇末便是第二段,紧承“美人如花隔云端”句,写一场梦游式的追求。这颇类屈原《离骚》中那“求女”的一幕。在诗人浪漫的幻想中,诗中人梦魂飞扬,要去寻找他所思念的人儿。然而“天长地远”,上有幽远难极的高天,下有波澜动荡的渌水,还有重重关山,尽管追求不已,还是“两处茫茫皆不见”。这里,诗人的想象诚然奇妙飞动,而诗句的音情也配合极好。“青冥”与“高天”本是一回事,写“波澜”似亦不必兼用“渌水”,写成“上有青冥之高天,下有渌水之波澜”颇有犯复之嫌。然而,如径作“上有高天,下有波澜”(歌行中可杂用短句),却大为减色,怎么读也不够味。而原来带“之”字、有重复的诗句却显得音调曼长好听,且能形成咏叹的语感,正《诗大序》所谓“嗟叹之不足,故永歌之”(“永歌”即拉长声调歌唱),能传达无限感慨。这种句式,为李白特别乐用,它如“蜀道之难难于上青天”、“弃我去者,昨日之日不可留;乱我心者,今日之日多烦忧”、“君不见黄河之水天上来”等等,句中“之难”、“之日”、“之水”从文意看不必有,而从音情上看断不可无,而音情于诗是至关紧要的。再看下两句,从语意看,词序似应作:天长路远关山难(度),梦魂不到(所以)魂飞苦。写作“天长路远魂飞苦,梦魂不到关山难”,不仅是为趁韵,且运用连珠格形式,通过绵延不断之声音以状关山迢递之愁情,可谓辞清意婉,十分动人。由于这个追求是没有结果的,于是诗以沉重的一叹作结:“长相思,摧心肝!”“长相思”三字回应篇首,而“摧心肝”则是“思欲绝”在情绪上进一步的发展。结句短促有力,给人以执着之感,诗情虽则悲恸,但绝无萎靡之态。

  此诗形式匀称,“美人如花隔云端”这个独立句把全诗分为篇幅均衡的两部分。前面由两个三言句发端,四个七言句拓展;后面由四个七言句叙写,两个三言句作结。全诗从“长相思”展开抒情,又于“长相思”一语收拢。在形式上颇具对称整饬之美,韵律感极强,大有助于抒情。诗中反复抒写的似乎只是男女相思,把这种相思苦情表现得淋漓尽致;但是,“美人如花隔云端”就不象实际生活的写照,而显有托兴意味。何况我国古典诗歌又具有以“美人”喻所追求的理想人物的传统,如《楚辞》“恐美人之迟暮”。而“长安”这个特定地点更暗示这里是一种政治的托寓,表明此诗的意旨在抒写诗人追求政治理想不能实现的苦闷。就此而言,此诗诗意又深含于形象之中,隐然不露,具备一种蕴藉的风度。所以王夫之赞此诗道:“题中偏不欲显,象外偏令有余,一以为风度,一以为淋漓,乌乎,观止矣。”

  译文

  长久思念的人,在长安城中。纺织娘秋天在金井阑旁边鸣叫,微霜初降,竹席显出了寒意。孤独的灯光昏昏暗暗,刻骨的思念不能断绝,卷起窗帘仰望明月空自长叹。像花一样的美人相隔遥远。上有迷迷茫茫的长天,下有清澈的绿水波澜。天长路远魂魄飞度都很辛苦,梦魂由于道路险阻而飞不到。长久的思念啊,摧断心肝。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:天长路远魂飞苦,梦魂不到关山难的意思

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  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000391s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000515s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000306s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000356s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000368s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000307s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000323s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000201s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000410s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6489 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000304s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 206 WHERE `id` = 6489 [ RunTime:0.001570s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000233s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000270s ]
0.074238s