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天阶夜色凉如水,坐看牵牛织女星什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:195
  天阶夜色凉如水,坐看牵牛织女星什么意思

  在秋天清凉如水的月色下,宫女们悠闲地躺卧在皇宫的院子里,仰起头看着夜空中的牵牛星和织女星。

  《秋夕》

  杜牧

  银烛秋光冷画屏,轻罗小扇扑流萤。

  天阶夜色凉如水,坐看牵牛织女星。

  赏析

  《秋夕》是晚唐著名诗人杜牧所作的一首脍炙人口的七言绝句,这首诗写一个失意宫女的孤独生活和凄凉心情。

  此诗一作王建诗。此诗写失意宫女孤独的生活和凄凉的心境。

  前两句已经描绘出一幅深宫生活的图景。在一个秋天的晚上,白色的蜡烛发出微弱的光,给屏风上的图画添了几分暗淡而幽冷的色调。这时,一个孤单的宫女正用小扇扑打着飞来飞去的萤火虫。“轻罗小扇扑流萤”,这一句十分含蓄,其中含有三层意思:第一,古人说腐草化萤,虽然是不科学的,但萤总是生在草丛冢间那些荒凉的地方。如今,在宫女居住的庭院里竟然有流萤飞动,宫女生活的凄凉也就可想而知了。第二,从宫女扑萤的动作可以想见她的寂寞与无聊。她无事可做,只好以扑萤来消遣她那孤独的岁月。她用小扇扑打着流萤,一下一下地,似乎想驱赶包围着她的孤冷与索寞,但这又有什么用呢?第三,宫女手中拿的轻罗小扇具有象征意义,扇子本是夏天用来挥风取凉的,秋天就没用了,所以古诗里常以秋扇比喻弃妇。相传汉成帝妃班婕妤为燕所谮,失宠后住在长信宫,写了一首《怨歌行》:“新裂齐纨素,皎洁如霜雪。裁为合欢扇,团团似明月。出入君怀袖,动摇微风发。常恐秋节至,凉飙夺炎热。弃捐箧笥中,恩情中道绝。”此说未必可信,但后来诗词中出现团扇、秋扇,便常常和失宠的女子联系在一起了。如王昌龄的《长信秋词》:“奉帚平明金殿开,且将团扇共徘徊”,王建的《宫中调笑》:“团扇,团扇,美人病来遮面”,都是如此。杜牧这首诗中的“轻罗小扇”,也象征着持扇宫女被遗弃的命运。

  第三句,“天阶夜色凉如水”。“天阶”指皇宫中的石阶。“夜色凉如水”暗示夜已深沉,寒意袭人,该进屋去睡了。可是宫女依旧坐在石阶上,仰视着天河两旁的牵牛星和织女星。民间传说,织女是天帝的孙女,嫁与牵牛,每年七夕渡河与他相会一次,有鹊为桥。汉代《古诗十九首》中的“迢迢牵牛星”,就是写他们的故事。宫女久久地眺望着牵牛织女,夜深了还不想睡,这是因为牵牛织女的故事触动了她的心,使她想起自己不幸的身世,也使她产生了对于真挚爱情的向往。可以说,满怀心事都在这举首仰望之中了。

  梅圣俞说:“必能状难写之景如在目前,含不尽之意见于言外,然后为至矣。”(见《六一诗话》)这两句话恰好可以说明此诗在艺术上的特点。一、三句写景,把深宫秋夜的景物十分逼真地呈现在读者眼前。“冷”字,形容词当动词用,很有气氛。“凉如水”的比喻不仅有色感,而且有温度感。二、四两句写宫女,含蓄蕴藉,很耐人寻味。诗中虽没有一句抒情的话,但宫女那种哀怨与期望相交织的复杂感情见于言外,从一个侧面反映了封建时代妇女的悲惨命运。

  译文

  秋夜,精美的银色蜡烛发出微弱的光,给画屏上添了几分清冷之色;一位宫女手执绫罗小扇,轻轻地扑打飞舞的萤火虫。天阶上的夜色,清凉如水;坐榻仰望星空,牵牛星正遥望着织女星。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:天阶夜色凉如水,坐看牵牛织女星什么意思

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  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000212s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000406s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6538 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000371s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000244s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 196 WHERE `id` = 6538 [ RunTime:0.001788s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
0.074321s