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无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:207
  无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来的意思

  无边无际的树木萧萧地飘下落叶,望不到头的长江水滚滚奔腾而来。

  登高

  唐·杜甫

  风急天高猿啸哀, 渚清沙白鸟飞回。

  无边落木萧萧下, 不尽长江滚滚来。

  万里悲秋常作客, 百年多病独登台。

  艰难苦恨繁霜鬓, 潦倒新停浊酒杯。

  [赏析]

  这两句诗作于夔州,写登高所见的江天秋色。夔州滨临长江,江流在此进入瞿塘峡,峡口多风,深秋时更是天高风急。诗人登高仰望,只见无边无际的林木落叶萧萧而下,滚滚而来的长江奔流不息。雄浑、寥阔而又肃杀、凋零的气象,使诗人更加感到太空浩茫,岁月悠久。联想到自己年华已逝,壮志未酬,心情何等落寞,何等悲壮!全联对工整,气韵流畅,加上“萧萧”“滚滚”两组叠字的对用,读来音调铿锵,气势奔放,前人称它为“古今独步”之作,实非过誉。

  此诗是杜甫大历二年(767)秋在夔州时所写。当时诗人病卧夔州,夔州在长江之滨。全诗通过登高所见秋江景色,倾诉了诗人长年飘泊、老病孤愁的复杂感情,慷慨激越,动人心弦。杨伦称赞此诗为“杜集七言律诗第一”(《杜诗镜铨》),胡应麟《诗薮》更推重此诗精光万丈,是古今七言律诗之冠。

  首联对起。诗人围绕夔州的特定环境,用“风急”二字带动全联,一开头就写成了千古流传的佳句。夔州向以猿多著称,峡口更以风大闻名。秋日天高气爽,这里却猎猎多风。诗人登上高处,峡中不断传来“高猿长啸”之声,大有“空谷传响,哀转久绝”(《水经注·三峡》)的意味。诗人移动视线,由高处转向江水洲渚,在水清沙白的背景上,点缀着迎风飞翔、不住回旋的鸟群,真是一幅精美的画图。其中天、风,沙、渚,猿啸。鸟飞,天造地设,自然成对。不仅上下两句对,而且还有句中自对,如上句“天”对“风”;“高”对“急”;下句“沙”对“渚”,“白”对“清”,读来富有节奏感。经过诗人的艺术提炼,十四个字,字字精当,无一虚设,用字遣辞,“尽谢斧凿”,达到了奇妙难名的境界。更值得注意的是:对起的首句,未字常用仄声,此诗却用平声入韵。沈德潜因有“起二句对举之中仍复用韵,格奇而变”(《唐诗别裁》)的赞语。

  颔联集中表现了夔州秋天的典型特征。诗人仰望茫无边际、萧萧而下的木叶,俯视奔流不息、滚滚而来的江水,在写景的同时,便深沉地抒发了自己的情怀。“无边”“不尽”,使“萧萧”‘滚滚”更加形象化,不仅使人联想到落木窸索之声,长江汹涌之状,也无形中传达出韶光易逝:壮志难酬的感怆。透过沉郁悲凉的对句,显示出神入化之笔力,确有“建瓴走坂”、“百川东注”的磅礴气势。前人把它誉为“古今独步”的“句中化境”,是有道理的。

  前两联极力描写秋景,直到颈联,才点出一个“秋”字。“独登台”,则表明诗人是在高处远眺,这就把眼前景和心中情紧密地联系在一起了。“常作客”,指出了诗人飘泊无定的生涯。“百年”,本喻有限的人生,此处专指暮年。“悲秋”两字写得沉痛。秋天不一定可悲,只是诗人目睹苍凉恢廓的秋景,不由想到自己沦落他乡、年老多病的处境,故生出无限悲愁之绪。诗人把久客最易悲秋,多病独爱登台的感情,概括进一联“雄阔高浑,实大声弘”的对句之中,使人深深地感到了他那沉重地跳动着的感情脉搏。此联的“万里”“百年”和上一联的。“无边”“不尽”,还有相互呼应的作用:诗人的羁旅愁与孤独感,就象落叶和江水一样,推徘不尽,驱赶不绝,情与景交融相洽。诗到此已给作客思乡的一般含意,添上久客孤独的内容,增人悲秋苦病的情思,加进离乡万里、人在暮年的感叹,诗意就更见深沉了。

  尾联对结,并分承五六两句。诗人备尝艰难潦倒之苦,国难家愁,使自己白发日多,再加上因病断酒,悲愁就更难排遣。本来兴会盎然地登高望远,现在却平白无故地惹恨添悲,诗人的矛盾心情是容易理解的。前六句“飞扬震动”,到此处“软冷收之,而无限悲凉之意,溢于言外”。

  译文

  风急天高猿猴啼叫显得十分悲哀,水清沙白的河洲上有鸟儿在盘旋。

  无边无际的树木萧萧地飘下落叶,望不到头的长江水滚滚奔腾而来。

  悲对秋景感慨万里漂泊常年为客,一生当中疾病缠身今日独上高台。

  历尽了艰难苦恨白发长满了双鬓,穷困潦倒偏又暂停了浇愁的酒杯。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来的意思

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  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000378s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000530s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000329s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000371s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000395s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000322s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000244s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000333s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000234s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000411s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6547 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000305s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000362s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000238s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 208 WHERE `id` = 6547 [ RunTime:0.001614s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000245s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
0.075068s