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千家山郭静朝晖,日日江楼坐翠微什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:215
  千家山郭静朝晖,日日江楼坐翠微什么意思?

  白帝城里千家万户静静地沐浴在秋日的朝晖中,我天天去江边的楼上,坐着看对面青翠的山峰。

  秋兴其三

  杜甫

  千家山郭静朝晖,日日江楼坐翠微。

  信宿渔人还泛泛,清秋燕子故飞飞。

  匡衡抗疏功名薄,刘向传经心事违。

  同学少年多不贱,五陵衣马自轻肥。

  赏析

  这是《秋兴》组诗的第三首。

  上首诗写夜,这首诗写清晨。

  首联:“山郭”说明夔州地处偏僻,“千家”指人烟稀少。“朝晖”写秋晨朝霞的美景,以“静”饰“朝晖”,空寂冷漠之意顿出。早起坐江楼赏朝晖,看翠微,似乎不无惬意,冠以“日日”二字,就揭示出诗人无聊而孤寂的心情,并使“朝晖”失去诱人的光彩,甚至望“翠微”生厌。

  二联就眼前所见作进一层铺叙。“信宿”,一夜曰宿,再宿曰信。渔舟依旧泛泛,燕子故意飞飞,是“日日”看到的景致,在“泛泛”、“ 飞飞”中就透出诗人的憎厌之情。身处异地,心怀家国,触目皆愁,日坐江楼,看朝晖,对翠微,已透出无聊情绪,而舟泛、燕飞又皆从无聊者的眼中看出,无可奈何的心情益发清晰。

  青藤作文借古人写心中事。这里是指如果抗言上疏论奏政治得失,何减匡衡,结果却因此遭贬,“伏奏无成,终身愧耻”,因此说“功名薄”;进而不得为国出力,只得退而讲经如刘向父子,但窗老一经,一事无成,违背自己的心愿,因此说“心事违”。说“功名薄”,说“心事违”,以转进一层的笔法,表达了诗人的强烈愤慨。抗疏遭贬,著诗抒情,诗人借二古人事以抒发自己的愤懑,写得委婉深沉。

  结联借“同学少年”之得意反衬自己不得意的处境。想到同学少年多已腾达得意,轻裘肥马,作威作福,既不念故人之流落,更不念家国之残破,一个“多”字,一个“自”字,表现了诗人的痛心,也表明了他的鄙视之情。诗人本不得意,却以得意者反衬,转折得突兀,收结得愤激,诗正是在愤激中揭示了诗人的深挚的忧国忧民之情。

  “同学少年多不贱”来源于唐朝杜甫写的《秋兴》,意思是往日的少年同学们,如今大多已经富贵发达,地位再也不低贱了。“往日的少年同学们”此句诗用来表示对昔日同学功成名就的喜悦。自己也可“分享”与有荣焉“的光采;也可用来感叹同学已经发达,而自己仍然失意的心境。

  译文

  白帝城里千家万户静静地沐浴在秋日的朝晖中,我天天去江边的楼上,坐着看对面青翠的山峰。连续两夜在船上过夜的渔人,仍泛着小舟在江中漂流,虽已是清秋季节,燕子仍然展翅飞来飞去,汉朝的匡衡向皇帝直谏,他把功名看得很淡薄,刘向传授经学,怎奈事不遂心。古人尚且如此,我更是不必说了,年少时一起求学的同学大都已飞黄腾达了,他们在长安附近的五陵,穿轻裘,乘肥马,过着富贵的生活。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:千家山郭静朝晖,日日江楼坐翠微什么意思

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