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几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:194
  有几处早春的黄莺去争抢已经返绿的树(搭窝),不知是谁家屋檐下的新来的燕子在啄取春泥(建造自己的窝)

  [赏析]

  从孤山北面到现在的平湖秋月、白堤,诗人一路走来一路向人们报告春的信息:湖面春水新生、树上春莺争鸣、空中春燕衔泥、堤岸春花渐开、春草刚绿,诗人敏锐细腻的笔触,让人们从中体会到西湖正在舒展地着上春装。诗人赞美西湖的春色,并且指出他最爱在白沙堤上行走。白堤的两边是水,堤两旁种满了柳树、桃树。春天走在白堤上,澹澹的湖水就在你的脚边,你仿佛走在水面上;初春的柳枝如烟如雾,如丝如缕,飘拂在你的脸上,使你心中涌生无限温柔无限爱,你像在梦境、在仙境。当春天走在白堤上时,你就更能体味到诗人写这首诗时的感觉和心情了。

  全诗的题意主要在一个“行”字上,扣紧“春行”二字来描写景物的。但西湖面积太大,行程太长,所以诗人只截取其中一段来写——从孤山寺的北面写起,至白沙堤止。读这首诗,我们自然就有了随着诗人饱览西湖早春景色的感觉。

  这诗是长庆三或四年春(823-824)白居易任杭州刺史时所作。

  钱塘湖是西湖的别名。提起西湖,人们就会联想到苏轼诗中的名句:“欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。”(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)读了白居易这诗,仿佛真的看到了那含睇宜笑的西施的面影,更加感到东坡这比喻的确切。

  乐天在杭州时,有关湖光山色的题咏很多。这诗处处扣紧环境和季节的特征,把刚刚披上春天外衣的西湖,描绘得生意盎然,恰到好处。

  “孤山寺北贾亭西”。孤山在后湖与外湖之间,峰峦耸立,上有孤山寺,是湖中登览胜地,也是全湖一个特出的标志。贾亭在当时也是西湖名胜。有了第一句的叙述,这第二句的“水面”,自然指的是西湖湖面了。秋冬水落,春水新涨,在水色天光的混茫中,太空里舒卷起重重叠叠的白云,和湖面上荡漾的波澜连成了一片,故曰“云脚低”。“水面初平云脚低”一句,勾勒出湖上早春的轮廓。接下两句,从莺莺燕燕的动态中,把春的活力,大自然从秋冬沉睡中苏醒过来的春意生动地描绘了出来。莺是歌手,它歌唱着江南的旖旎春光;燕是候鸟,春天又从北国飞来。它们富于季节的敏感,成为春天的象征。在这里,诗人对周遭事物的选择是典型的;而他的用笔,则是细致入微的。说“几处”,可见不是“处处”;说“谁家”,可见不是“家家”。因为这还是初春季节。这样,“早莺”的“早”和“新燕”的“新”就在意义上互相生发,把两者联成一幅完整的画面。因为是“早莺”,所以抢着向阳的暖树,来试它滴溜的歌喉;因为是“新燕”,所以当它啄泥衔草,营建新巢的时候,就会引起人们一种乍见的喜悦。谢灵运“池塘生春草,园柳变鸣禽”(《登池上楼》)二句之所以妙绝古今,为人传诵,正由于他写出了季节更换时这种乍见的喜悦。这诗在意境上颇与之相类似。

  诗的前四句写湖上春光,范围上宽广的,它从“孤山”一句生发出来;后四句专写“湖东”景色,归结到“白沙堤”。前面先点明环境,然后写景;后面先写景,然后点明环境。诗以“孤山寺”起,以“白沙堤”终,从点到面,又由面回到点,中间的转换,不见痕迹。结构之妙,诚如薛雪所指出:乐天诗“章法变化,条理井然”(《一瓢诗话》)。这种“章法”上的“变化”,往往寓诸浑成的笔意之中;倘不细心体察,是难以看出它的“条理”的。

  “乱花”“浅草”一联,写的虽也是一般春景,然而它和“白沙堤”却有紧密的联系:春天,西湖哪儿都是绿毯般的嫩草;可是这平坦修长的白沙堤,游人来往最为频繁。唐时,西湖上骑马游春的风俗极盛,连歌姬舞妓也都喜爱骑马。诗用“没马蹄”来形容这嫩绿的浅草,正是眼前现成景色。

  “初平”、“几处”、“谁家”、“渐欲”、“才能”这些词语的运用,在全诗写景句中贯串成一条线索,把早春的西湖点染成半面轻匀的钱塘苏小小。可是这蓬蓬勃勃的春意,正在急剧发展之中。从“乱花渐欲迷人眼”这一联里,透露出另一个消息:很快地就会姹紫嫣红开遍,湖上镜台里即将出现浓妆艳抹的西施。

  方东树说这诗“象中有兴,有人在,不比死句。”(《续昭昧詹言》)这是一首写景诗,它的妙处,不在于穷形尽象的工致刻画,而在于即景寓情,写出了融和骀宕的春意,写出了自然之美所给予诗人的集中而饱满的感受。所谓“象中有兴,有人在”;所谓“随物赋形,所在充满”(王若虚《滹南诗话》),是应该从这个意义去理解的。

  [译文]

  从孤山寺的北面到贾亭的西面,湖面春水刚与堤平,白云重重叠叠,同湖面上的波澜连成一片。

  几处早出的黄莺争着飞向向阳的树木,谁家新来的燕子衔着春泥在筑巢。

  繁多而多彩缤纷的春花渐渐要迷住人的眼睛,浅浅的春草刚刚能够遮没马蹄。

  我最喜爱西湖东边的美景,游览不够,尤其是绿色杨柳荫下的白沙堤。



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  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000371s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000548s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000316s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000364s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000282s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000355s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000278s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000302s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000273s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000318s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000211s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000422s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6661 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000302s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000369s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000238s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 195 WHERE `id` = 6661 [ RunTime:0.001573s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000233s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
0.075197s