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芭蕉不展丁香结,同向春风各自愁什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:190
  芭蕉的蕉心尚未展开,丁香的花蕾丛生如结;同是春风吹拂,而二人异地同心,都在为不得与对方相会而愁苦。

  赏析

  《代赠二首》是唐代著名诗人李商隐创作的两首短诗。“代赠”,代拟的赠人之作。此二首诗是以女子的口吻抒写与情人离别而不能见面的忧愁。

  第一首诗以一女子的口吻,写她不能与情人相会的愁绪。诗中所写的时间是春日的黄昏。诗人用以景托情的手法,从诗的主人公所见到的缺月、芭蕉、丁香等景物中,衬托出她的内心感情。诗的开头四字,就点明了时间、地点:“楼上黄昏”。接下“欲望休”三字则维妙逼肖地描摹出女子的行动:她举步走到楼头,想去望望远处,却又凄然而止。这里,不仅使读者看到了女子的姿态,而且也透露出她那无奈作罢的神情。“欲望休”一本作“望欲休”。“休”作“停止”、“罢休”之意。“欲望”,是想去望她的情人。但又欲望还休。南朝诗人江淹《倡妇自悲赋》写汉宫佳人失宠独居,有“青苔积兮银阁涩,网罗生兮玉梯虚”之句。“玉梯虚”是说玉梯虚设,无人来登。此诗的“玉梯横绝”,是说玉梯横断,无由得上,喻指情人被阻隔,无法相会。此连上句,是说女子渴望见到情人,因此想去眺望;但又蓦然想到他必定来不了,只得止步。欲望还休,把女子复杂矛盾的心理活动和孤寂无聊的失望情态,写得巧妙逼真。“月如钩”一本作“月中钩”,意同。它不仅烘托了环境的寂寞与凄清,还有象征意义:月儿的缺而不圆,就像是一对情人的不得会合。

  三四句仍然通过写景来进一步揭示女子的内心感情。第二句缺月如钩是女子抬头所见远处天上之景;这两句则是女子低头所见近处地上景色。高下远近,错落有致。这里的芭蕉,是蕉心还未展开的芭蕉,稍晚于诗人的钱珝《未展芭蕉》诗中的“芳心犹卷怯春寒”,写的就是这种景象;这里的丁香,也不是花瓣盛展的丁香,而是缄结不开的花蕾。它们共同对着黄昏时清冷的春风,哀愁无边。这既是女子眼前实景的真实描绘,同时又是借物写人,以芭蕉喻情人,以丁香喻女子自己,隐喻二人异地同心,都在为不得与对方相会而愁苦。物之愁,兴起、加深了人之愁,是“兴”;物之愁,亦即人之愁,又是“比”。芭蕉丁香既是诗人的精心安排,同时又是即目所见,随手拈来,显得格外自然。

  第二首诗也是以女子的口吻写与情人离别的愁思。具体的写作时间已不可考。

  景与情、物与人融为一体,“比”与“兴”融为一体,精心结构而又毫无造作,是此诗的极为成功之处。特别是“芭蕉不展丁香结,同向春风各自愁”两句,意境很美,含蕴无穷,历来为人所称道,《诗话类编》就把它特别标举出来,深受赞赏。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:芭蕉不展丁香结,同向春风各自愁什么意思

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