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窗含西岭千秋雪,门泊东吴万里船的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:185
  窗口可以看见西岭千年不化的积雪,门口停泊着从东吴万里迢迢开来的船只。

  赏析

  公元七六二年,成都尹严武入朝,蜀中发生动乱,杜甫一度避往梓州,翌年安史之乱平定,再过一年,严武还镇成都。杜甫得知这位故人的消息,也跟着回到成都草堂。这时他的心情特别好,面对这生气勃勃的景象,情不自禁,写下了这一组即景小诗。兴到笔随,事先既未拟题,诗成后也不打算拟题,干脆以“绝句”为题。

  诗的上联是一组对仗句。草堂周围多柳,新绿的柳枝上有成对黄鹂在欢唱,一派愉悦景象,有声有色,构成了新鲜而优美的意境。“翠”是新绿,“翠柳”是初春物候,柳枝刚抽嫩芽。“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”,鸟儿成双成对,呈现一片生机,具有喜庆的意味。次句写蓝天上的白鹭在自由飞翔。这种长腿鸟飞起来姿态优美,自然成行。晴空万里,一碧如洗,白鹭在“青天”映衬下,色彩极其鲜明。两句中一连用了“黄”、“翠”、“白”、“青”四种鲜明的颜色,织成一幅绚丽的图景;首句还有声音的描写,传达出无比欢快的感情。

  诗的下联也由对仗句构成。上句写凭窗远眺西山雪岭。岭上积雪终年不化,所以积聚了“千秋雪”。而雪山在天气不好时见不到,只有空气清澄的晴日,它才清晰可见。用一“含”字,此景仿佛是嵌在窗框中的一幅图画,近在目前。观赏到如此难得见到的美景,诗人心情的舒畅不言而喻。下句再写向门外一瞥,可以见到停泊在江岸边的船只。江船本是常见的,但“万里船”三字却意味深长。因为它们来自“东吴”。当人们想到这些船只行将开行,沿岷江、穿三峡,直达长江下游时,就会觉得很不平常。因为多年战乱,水陆交通为兵戈阻绝,船只是不能畅行万里的。而战乱平定,交通恢复,才看到来自东吴的船只,诗人也可“青春作伴好还乡”了,怎不叫人喜上心头呢?“万里船”与“千秋雪”相对,一言空间之广,一言时间之久。诗人身在草堂,思接千载,视通万里,胸次何等开阔!

  全诗看起来是一句一景,是四幅独立的图景。而一以贯之,使其构成一个统一意境的,正是诗人的内在情感。一开始表现出草堂的春色,诗人的情绪是陶然的,而随着视线的游移、景物的转换,江船的出现,便触动了他的乡情。四句景语就完整表现了诗人这种复杂细致的内心思想活动。

  译文

  1、成对的黄鹂在新绿的柳枝上鸣叫,一行白鹭在青天上自由飞翔。凭窗望去,西山千秋雪景好像是嵌在其中的一幅画,门外停泊着来自东吴,畅行万里的船只。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:窗含西岭千秋雪,门泊东吴万里船的意思

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