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古诗竹里馆的诗意
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:181
 竹里馆的诗意

  《竹里馆》

  王维

  独坐幽篁里,弹琴复长啸。

  深林人不知,明月来相照。

  诗意

  独自坐在幽深的竹林里,

  一边弹琴一边对天唱歌。

  深林中没有人与我作伴,

  只有天上的明月来相照。

  赏析

  此诗收录于《王右丞集笺注》,为《辋川集》二十首中的第十七首。这是一首写隐者的闲适生活以及情趣的诗,描绘了诗人月下独坐、弹琴长啸的悠闲生活。

  这首小诗总共四句。拆开来看,既无动人的景语,也无动人的情语;既找不到哪个字是诗眼,也很难说哪一句是警策。且诗的用字造语、写景(幽篁、深林、明月),写人(独坐、弹琴、长啸)都极平淡无奇。然而它的妙处也就在于以自然平淡的笔调,描绘出清新诱人的月夜幽林的意境,夜静人寂融情景为一体,蕴含着一种特殊的美的艺术魅力,使其成为千古佳品。以弹琴长啸,反衬月夜竹林的幽静,以明月的光影,反衬深林的昏暗,表面看来平平淡淡,似乎信手拈来,随意写去其实却是独具匠心,妙手回春的大手笔。

  这首诗表现了一种清静安详的境界。前两句写诗人独自一人坐在幽深茂密的竹林之中,一边弹着琴弦,一边又发出长长的啸声。其实,不论“弹琴”还是“长啸”,都体现出诗人高雅闲淡、超拔脱俗的气质,而这却是不容易引起别人共鸣的。所以后两句说:“深林人不知,明月来相照。”意思是说,自己僻居深林之中,也并不为此感到孤独,因为那一轮皎洁的月亮还在时时照耀自己。这里使用了拟人化的手法,把倾洒着银辉的一轮明月当成心心相印的知己朋友,显示出诗人新颖而独到的想象力。全诗的格调幽静闲远,仿佛诗人的心境与自然的景致全部融为一体了。

  诗中写到景物,只用六个字组成三个词,就是:“幽篁”、“深林”、“明月”。对普照大地的月亮,用一个“明”字来形容其皎洁,并无新意巧思可言,是人人惯用的陈词。至于第一句的“篁”与第三句的“林”,其实是一回事,是重复写诗人置身其间的竹林,而在竹林前加“幽”、“深”两字,不过说明其既非庾信《小园赋》所说的“三竿两竿之竹”,也非柳宗元《青水驿丛竹》诗所说的“檐下疏篁十二茎”,而是一片既幽且深的茂密的竹林。这里,象是随意写出了眼前景物,没有费什么气力去刻画和涂饰。

  诗中写人物活动,也只用六个字组成三个词,就是:“独坐、弹琴、长啸”。对人物,既没有描绘其弹奏舒啸之状,也没有表达其喜怒哀乐之情;对琴音与啸声,更没有花任何笔墨写出其音调与声情。 表面看来,四句诗的用字造语都是平平无奇的。但四句诗合起来,却妙谛自成,境界自出,蕴含着一种特殊的艺术魅力。作为王维《辋川集》中的一首名作,它的妙处在于其所显示的是那样一个令人自然而然为之吸引的意境。它不以字句取胜,而从整体见美。它的美在神不在貌,领略和欣赏它的美,也应当遗貌取神,而其神是包孕在意境之中的。就意境而言,它不仅如施补华所说,给人以“清幽绝俗”(《岘佣说诗》)的感受,而且使人感到,这一月夜幽林之景是如此空明澄净,在其间弹琴长啸之人是如此安闲自得,尘虑皆空,外景与内情是抿合无间、融为一体的。而在语言上则从自然中见至味、从平淡中见高韵。它的以自然、平淡为特征的风格美又与它的意境美起了相辅相成的作用。

  可以想见,诗的意境的形成,全赖人物心性和所写景物的内在素质相一致,而不必借助于外在的色相。因此,诗人在我与物会、情与景合之际,就可以如司空图《诗品·自然篇》中所说,“俯拾即是,不取诸邻,俱道适往,着手成春”,进入“薄言情悟,悠悠天钧”的艺术天地。当然,这里说“俯拾即是”,并不是说诗人在取材上就一无选择,信手拈来;这里说“着手成春”,也不是说诗人在握管时就一无安排,信笔所之。诗中描写周围景色,选择了竹林与明月,是取其与所要显示的那一清幽澄净的环境原本一致;诗中抒写自我情怀,选择了弹琴与长啸,则取其与所要表现的那一清幽澄净的心境互为表里。这既是即景即事,而其所以写此景,写此事,自有其酝酿成熟的诗思。更从全诗的组合看,诗人在写月夜幽林的同时,又写了弹琴、长啸,则是以声响托出静境。至于诗的末句写到月来照,不仅与上句的“人不知”有对照之妙,也起了点破暗夜的作用。这些音响与寂静以及光影明暗的衬映,在安排上既是妙手天成,又是有匠心运用其间的。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:古诗竹里馆的诗意

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000355s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000488s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000311s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000377s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000351s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000286s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000299s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000249s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000243s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000403s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6765 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000323s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000348s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 182 WHERE `id` = 6765 [ RunTime:0.001586s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000235s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
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