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秋风引的诗意
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:188
  秋风引的诗意

  何处秋风至?萧萧送雁群。

  朝来入庭树,孤客最先闻。

  注释

  1、至:到。

  2、萧萧:形容风吹树木的声音。

  3、雁群:大雁的群体。

  4、孤客:孤独的异乡人。

  5、闻:听到。

  诗意

  不知从哪里吹来了秋风,

  在萧萧的风中送走了雁群。

  凌晨,秋风吹动着庭园的树木,

  树叶瑟瑟。

  秋风的来去虽然无处可寻,

  无形的秋风却分明已经尽在庭园。

  来到耳边了,

  孤独的旅人最先听到了秋风的声音。

  赏析

  诗以“秋风”为题;首句“何处秋风至”,就题发问,摇曳生姿,而通过这一起势突兀、下笔飘忽的问句,也显示了秋风的不知其来、忽然而至的特征。如果进一步推寻它的弦外之音,这一问,可能还暗含怨秋的意思,与李白《春思》诗“春风不相识,何事入罗帏”句有异曲同工之处。

  这首诗借景抒情,主要表达的其实是这羁旅之情和思归之心,它说明秋风的来去虽然无处可寻,却又附着它物随处存在,现在风吹树动,萧萧木叶,那无形的秋风分明已经近在庭院、来到耳边了。

  当然,秋风之来,既无影无迹,又无所不在,它从何处来、来到何处,本是无可究诘的。这里虽以问语出之,而诗人的真意原不在追根究底,接下来就宕开诗笔,以“萧萧送雁群”一句写耳所闻的风来萧萧之声和目所见的随风而来的雁群。这样,就化无形之风为可闻可见的景象,从而把不知何处至的秋风绘声绘影地写入诗篇。

  这前两句诗,合起来看,可能脱胎于屈原《九歌》“风飒飒兮木萧萧”和汉武帝《秋风辞》“秋风起兮白云飞,草木黄落兮雁南归”。而可以与这两句诗合参的有韦应物的《闻雁》诗:“故园渺何处?归思方悠哉。淮南秋雨夜,高斋闻雁来。”但韦诗是以我感物,以情会景,先写“归思”,后写“闻雁”。沈德潜在《唐诗别裁集》中指出,这样写,“其情自深”,如果“倒转说”,就成了一般人都写得出的普通作品了。但是,诗无定法,不能执一而论。这首《秋风引》前两句所写的秋风始至、鸿雁南来,正是韦诗后两句的内容,恰恰是把韦诗倒转过来说的。它是远处落想,空际运笔,从闻雁思归之人的对面写起,就秋风送雁构思造境。至于韦诗前两句的内容,是留到篇末再写的。诗的后两句“朝来入庭树,孤客最先闻”,把笔触从秋空中的“雁群”移向地面上的“庭树”,再集中到独在异乡、“归思方悠哉”的“楚客”,由远而近,步步换景。“朝来”句既承接首句的“秋风至”,又承接次句的“萧萧”声,不是回答又似回答了篇端的发问。它说明秋风的来去虽然无处可寻,却又附着它物而随处存在,此刻风动庭树,木叶萧萧,则无形的秋风分明已经近在庭院、来到耳边了。

  诗写到这里,写足了作为诗题的“秋风”,而篇幅已经用去了四分之三,可是,诗中之人还没有露面,景中之情还没有点出。()直到最后一句才画龙点睛,说秋风已为“孤客”所“闻”。这里,如果联系作者的另一首《始闻秋风》诗,其中“五夜飕飗枕前觉,一年颜状镜中来”两句,倒可以作“闻”的补充说明。当然,作为“孤客”,他不仅会因颜状改变而为岁月流逝兴悲,其羁旅之情和思归之心更是可想而知的。

  这首诗主要要表达的,其实正是这羁旅之情和思归之心,但妙在不从正面着笔,始终只就秋风做文章,在篇末虽然推出了“孤客”,也只写到他“闻”秋风而止。至于他的旅情归思是以“最先”两字来暗示的。如李锳在《诗法易简录》中所说,“为孤客传神”的正在这两个字,使“无限情怀,溢于言表”。照说,秋风吹到庭树,每个人都可以同时听到,不应当有先后之分。而惟独孤客“最先”听到,可以想见,他对时序、物候有特殊的敏感。而他如此敏感的原因,唐汝询在《唐诗解》中解释说:“孤客之心,未摇落而先秋,所以闻之最早。”这就是对“最先闻”的解释。钟惺在《唐诗归》中还指出:“不曰‘不堪闻’,而曰‘最先闻’,语意便深厚。”沈德潜在《唐诗别裁集》中也说:“若说‘不堪闻’,便浅。”这些评语都称赞这一结句曲折见意,含蓄不尽,为读者留有可寻味的深度。不过,前面说过,诗无定法,这一结句固然以曲说而妙,但也有直说而妙的。苏颋有首《汾上惊秋》诗:“北风吹白云,万里渡河汾。心绪逢摇落,秋声不可闻。”这里,从全诗看来,却必须说“不可闻”,才与它的苍凉慷慨的意境、高亢劲健的风格相融浃。两个结句,内容相似,一用曲笔,一用直笔,却各尽其妙。对照之下,可悟诗法。

  这首诗表面写秋风,实际却是在感叹自己的际遇,抒发了诗人孤独、思乡的感情。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:秋风引的诗意

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  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000339s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000515s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000318s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000359s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000328s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000271s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000304s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000256s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000247s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000326s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000215s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 7093 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000314s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000335s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000256s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 189 WHERE `id` = 7093 [ RunTime:0.001601s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000227s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
0.073538s