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风暖鸟声碎,日高花影重全诗赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:163
 风暖鸟声碎,日高花影重全诗赏析

  《春宫怨》

  杜荀鹤

  早被婵娟误,欲妆临镜慵。

  承恩不在貌,教妾若为容。

  风暖鸟声碎,日高花影重。

  年年越溪女,相忆采芙蓉。

  全诗赏析

  历来写宫怨的诗大多不着“春”字,即使是写春宫之怨的,也没有一首能像杜荀鹤这首那样传神地把“春”与“宫怨”密合无间地表现出来。

  前两句是发端。“婵娟”,是说容貌美好。宫女之被选入宫,就因为长得好看,入宫以后,伴着她的却只是孤苦寂寞,因而拈出一个“误”字,慨叹“今日在长门,从来不如丑”(于濆《宫怨》)。此刻,她正对着铜镜,顾影自怜,本想梳妆打扮一番,但一想到美貌误人,又不免迟疑起来,懒得动手了。上句一个“早”字,仿佛是从心灵深处发出的一声深长的叹息,说明自己被误之久;次句用欲妆又罢的举动展示怨情也很细腻。这两句在平淡之中自有自然、深婉的情致。

  三、四句用的是流水对,上下句文意相续,如流水直泻,一气贯注,进一步写出了欲妆又罢的思想活动。“若为容”是“怎样打扮”的意思,这里实际上是说打扮没有用。宫女说:“既然被皇上看中并不在于容貌的美好,那么,我再打扮又有什么用呢?”言外之意,起决定作用的是别的方面,例如勾心斗角、献媚邀宠等。

  五、六句忽然荡开,诗笔从镜前宫女一下子转到室外春景:春风骀荡,鸟声轻碎,丽日高照,花影层叠。这两句写景,似乎与前面描写宫女的笔墨不相连属,事实上,仍然是围绕着宫女的所感(“风暖”)、所闻(“鸟声”)与所见(“花影”)来写的。在欲妆又罢的一刻,透过帘栊,暖风送来了动听的鸟声,游目窗外,见到了“日高花影重”的景象。临镜的宫女怨苦之极,无意中又发现了自然界的春天,更唤起了她心中无春的寂寞空虚之感。景中之情与前面所抒写的感情是一脉相承的。

  “风暖”这一联设色浓艳,《诗人玉屑》(卷三)把它归入“绮丽”一格。风是“暖”的;鸟声是“碎”的──所谓“碎”,是说轻而多,唧喳不已,洋溢着生命力,刚好与死寂的境界相对立;“日高”,见出阳光的明丽;“花影重”,可以想见花开的繁茂。绮丽而妙,既写出了盛春正午的典型景象,反衬了怨情,又承上启下,由此引出了新的联想。

  眼前声音、光亮、色彩交错融合的景象,使宫女想起了入宫以前每年在家乡溪水边采莲的欢乐情景:荷叶、罗裙,一色裁成,芙蓉似脸,脸似芙蓉,三人一队,五人一群,溪声潺潺,笑语连连。“越溪”即若耶溪,在浙江绍兴,是当年西施浣纱的地方,这里借指宫女的家乡。这两句以过去对比当下,以往日的欢乐反衬出此时的愁苦,使含而不露的怨情具有更为悠远的神韵。诗的后四句虽是客观的写景与叙事,然而揭开字句的帷幕,却可以听到宫女隐微而又极其伤痛的啜泣之声。

  从诗的意境来看,《春宫怨》似不只是诗人在代宫女寄怨写恨,同时也是诗人的自况。人臣之得宠主要不是凭仗才学,这与宫女“承恩不在貌”如出一辙;宫禁斗争的复杂与仕途的凶险,又不免使人憧憬起民间自由自在的生活,这与宫女羡慕越溪女天真无邪的生活又并无二致。它不仅是宫女之怨情,还隐喻当时黑暗政治对人才的戕杀。

  这首诗以“风暖”一联饮誉诗坛,就全篇而论,也是一首意境浑成的好诗。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:风暖鸟声碎,日高花影重全诗赏析

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  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000384s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000574s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 7127 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000412s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000500s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000276s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 164 WHERE `id` = 7127 [ RunTime:0.001770s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000303s ]
0.102614s