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杨万里《野菊》政缘在野有幽色 肯为无人减妙香
作者:杨万里 发布日期:2023-03-23 点击数:2287

 

野菊
杨万里 〔宋代〕


未与骚人当糗粮,况随流俗作重阳。
政缘在野有幽色,肯为无人减妙香。

已晚相逢半山碧,便忙也折一枝黄。
花应冷笑东篱族,犹向陶翁觅宠光。


《野菊》是南宋诗人杨万里创作的一首七言律诗。诗的前半用先抑后扬的笔法写。首联写野菊在世默默无闻,既未被文人采用以登上文坛,更未受世俗钟爱。颔联既写形态又写精神,对野菊的姿色、芳香和品性作了生动的描绘。颈联诗人旅途之中见野菊的丰姿与妙香,逗得诗人折取一枝来加以观赏。尾联以写野菊花的自豪感来进一步表达对它的赞美。这首诗写得脱俗、婉转、流畅,具有创新性。

译文及注释

译文


不给文人骚客做干粮,更不肯随流俗在重阳节被俗人赏识。
正因为在野外更有清幽淡色。哪肯因为无人,减掉自己的幽香。
已是傍晚时分,在绿色的半山腰中与野菊相逢。即使匆忙也要折一枝淡黄的野菊。
野菊花也许会冷笑那些家养的菊花,因为家菊们竟然向陶渊明寻求恩宠。

注释

骚人:屈原作《离骚》,因称屈原为骚人。后将骚人墨客称那些风雅文人。糗粮:干粮。指被文人赏识。糗,炒熟的米、麦等谷物。屈原《九章·惜诵》:“播江离与滋菊兮,愿春日以为糗芳。”
政缘:正因为。政,即“正”。
肯为:怎肯因为,难道因为。
黄:指黄菊。
东篱族:篱边人种的菊花。


创作背景

  这首诗作于宋宁宗庆元元年(1195年)。是年四月,拿干薪到了截止期限。五月,召赴杭州,辞;六月,奉旨不许,再辞;八月,除焕章阁待制(仍是虚衔),再与祠禄。这首诗就是在这种情况下的言志之作。


赏析

  野菊花是似菊而小的黄色小花,与菊花相比,它并不太引人注目。但诗人却给了它诗情画意,让它在诗坛上占一席之位。

  诗的前半用先抑后扬的笔法写。“未与骚人当糗粮,况随流俗作重阳。”屈原《离骚》有“朝饮木兰之坠露兮,夕餐秋菊之落英”的诗句,所指的秋菊是菊而不是野菊。重阳有赏菊的习俗,两句写野菊在世默默无闻,既未被文人采用以登上文坛,更未受世俗钟爱。“况”字使次句的语气紧连首句,有更进一层的意思。

  “政缘在野有幽色,肯为无人减妙香”两句,既写形态又写精神,对野菊的姿色、芳香和品性作了生动的描绘。“在野”与“在庭”相对。因不为人赏识,便任其在野自生自灭。不似一般之菊在庭院中有人着意栽培。这也许是野菊的憾事,但诗人却把这看成是快事,因为它可以避免栽培人的束缚剪裁与观菊者的诸多采摘,即不受人们的干扰,因而显得幽闲自若,别有丰彩。以至于诗人面对着它,“任是无情也动心”,情不自禁地要采来观赏——已晚相逢半山碧,便忙也折一枝黄。

  “半山碧”写出野菊生长、繁衍的旺盛,也表现野菊的生活环境是在野外山上。“已晚”写时间,“便忙”写情状。诗人旅途之中到了傍晚,本该忙于归宿,但山中野菊的丰姿与妙香,逗得诗人即使在匆忙之中也要去折取一枝来加以观赏,诗写至此,已流露出对野菊的浓厚兴趣,而尾联更以写野菊花的自豪感来进一步表达对它的赞美:花应冷笑东篱族,犹向陶翁觅宠光。

  陶渊明酷爱菊花,于宅边东篱下种菊颇多,还有“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的诗句。这两句是说,野菊花一定冷笑那些篱边的黄菊——它们正向陶渊明一类的诗人邀宠,以取得诗人吟赏的荣光。言下之意,诗人们的眼光只向着庭菊,并不转向野菊;而野菊自有不邀宠争光的品行,对那些邀宠争光的庭菊不屑一顾,惟以冷笑置之。

  在无人看重的情况下,幽闲自得,不减妙香,不慕赏识,有意将它与菊花对比,并倾注了自己的关切赞美之情。这也许另有所指。诗写得脱俗、婉转、流畅,给人很深的印象。在大量的咏菊诗中,这是颇有独创性的。


杨万里(1127年10月29日-1206年6月15日),字廷秀,号诚斋。吉州吉水(今江西省吉水县黄桥镇湴塘村)人。南宋著名诗人、大臣,与陆游、尤袤、范成大并称为“中兴四大诗人”。因宋光宗曾为其亲书“诚斋”二字,故学者称其为“诚斋先生”。杨万里一生作诗两万多首,传世作品有四千二百首,被誉为一代诗宗。他创造了语言浅近明白、清新自然,富有幽默情趣的“诚斋体”。杨万里的诗歌大多描写自然景物,且以此见长。他也有不少篇章反映民间疾苦、抒发爱国感情的作品。著有《诚斋集》等。

 



有才子曰:杨万里《野菊》政缘在野有幽色 肯为无人减妙香

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  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000352s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000578s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000333s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000389s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000421s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000338s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000283s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000313s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000359s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000281s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000454s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 715 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000457s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000498s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000329s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2288 WHERE `id` = 715 [ RunTime:0.001667s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000276s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000294s ]
0.086787s