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沙丘城下寄杜甫的诗意
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:173
  沙丘城下寄杜甫的诗意

  我来竟何事?高卧沙丘城。

  城边有古树,日夕连秋声。

  鲁酒不可醉,齐歌空复情。

  思君若汶水,浩荡寄南征。

  注释

  1、沙丘:指唐代兖州治城瑕丘。沙丘城一说为位于今山东肥城市汶阳镇东、大汶河南下支流洸河(今名洸府河)分水口对岸。而根据1993年出土于兖州城东南泗河中的北齐沙丘城造像残碑(又名沙丘碑),兖州古地名为沙丘,又名瑕丘,于唐代为鲁西南重要治所,李白应于此居住。由于此重大考古发现,学术界基本上认同兖州为李白居住之沙丘城。

  2、来:将来,引申为某一时间以后,这里意指自从你走了以后。竟:究竟,终究。

  3、高卧:高枕而卧,这里指闲居。《晋书·陶潜传》:“尝言夏月虚闲,高卧北窗之下。清风飒至,自谓羲皇上人。”

  4、夕:傍晚,日落的时候。连:连续不断。秋声:秋风吹动草木之声。

  5、“鲁酒”两句:古来有鲁国酒薄之称。《庄子·胠箧》:“鲁酒薄而邯郸围。”此谓鲁酒之薄,不能醉人;齐歌之艳,听之无绪。皆因无共赏之人。鲁、齐:均指山东一带。空复情:徒有情意。

  6、汶水:鲁地河流名,河的正流今称大汶河,其源有三:一发泰山之旁仙台岭,一发莱芜县原山之阳,一发莱芜县寨子村,流经兖州瑕丘县北,西南行,入大野泽。耿元端说汶水在曲阜之北七八十里处向西流,“思君若汶水”只是联想到汶水,不能认为沙丘城就在汶水之旁(参见《百家唐宋诗新话》)。

  7、浩荡:广阔、浩大的样子。南征:南行,指代往南而去的杜甫。一说南征指南流之水。

  诗意

  我来这里终究是为了什么事?

  高枕安卧在沙丘城。

  沙丘城边有苍老古树,

  白日黑夜沙沙有声与秋声相连。

  鲁地酒薄难使人醉,

  齐歌情浓徒然向谁。

  我思念您的情思如滔滔汶水,

  汶水浩浩荡荡向南流去寄托着我的深情。

  赏析

  李白与杜甫的友谊是中国文学史上珍贵的一页。在李白传世的诗歌中,公认的直接为杜甫而写的只有两首,一是《鲁郡东石门送杜二甫》,另一首就是这首诗。

  沙丘城,位于山东汶水之畔,是李白在鲁中的寄寓之地。诗人送别了杜甫,从那种充满着友情与欢乐的生活中,独自一人回到沙丘,倍感孤寂,倍觉友谊的可贵。此诗就是抒发了这种情境之下的无法排遣的“思君”之情。诗人一开始用很多的笔墨写他自己的生活,住处的周围环境,以及他自己的心情。诗的前六句没有一个“思”字,也没有一个“君”字,给读者以山回路转、莫知所至的感受,直到诗的结尾才豁然开朗,说出“思君”二字。诗中无一句不是写“思君”之情,而且是一联强似一联,以至最后不能不直抒其情。前六句的烟云,都成了后二句的烘托。这样的构思,既能从各个角度,用各种感受,为诗的主旨蓄势,同时也赋予那些日常生活的情事以浓郁的诗味。

  诗劈头就说:“我来竟何事?”这是诗人自问,其中颇有几分难言的恼恨和自责的意味。这会引起读者的关注,并造成悬念。“高卧沙丘城”,高卧,实际上就是指诗人闲居乏味的生活。这句话一方面描写了眼下的生活,一方面也回应了提出上述问题的原因。诗人不来沙丘“高卧”,原因就在于怀念杜甫这位友人。这凌空而来的开头,正是把诗人那种友爱欢快的生活消失之后的复杂、苦闷的感情,以一种突发的方式迸发出来了。

  一二句偏于主观情绪的抒发,三四句则转向客观景物的描绘。“城边有古树,日夕连秋声”。眼前的沙丘城对于诗人来说,像是别无所见,别无所闻,只有城边的老树,()在秋风中日夜发出瑟瑟之声。“夜深风竹敲秋韵,万叶千声皆是恨。”这萧瑟的秋风,凄寂的气氛,更令诗人思念友人,追忆往事,更叫诗人愁思难解。“别离有相思,瑶瑟与金樽。”然而,此时此地,此情此景,非比寻常,酒也不能消愁,歌也无法忘忧。鲁、齐,是指当时诗人所在的山东。“不可醉”,即没有那个兴趣去痛饮酣醉。“空复情”,因为诗人无意欣赏,歌声也只能徒有其情。这么翻写一笔,就大大地加重了抒情的分量,同时也就逼出下文。

  汶水,发源于山东莱芜,西南流向。杜甫在鲁郡告别李白欲去长安,长安也正位于鲁地的西南。所以诗人说:“我的思君之情犹如这一川浩荡的汶水,日夜不息地紧随着你悠悠南行。”诗人寄情于流水,照应诗题,点明了主旨,那流水不息、相思不绝的意境,更造成了语尽情长的韵味。这种绵绵不绝的思情,和那种“天边看绿水,海上见青山。兴罢各分袂,何须醉别颜”的开阔洒脱的胸襟,显示了诗人感情和格调的丰富多彩。

  在中国古代诗歌的发展中,古体先于律体。但是,律体的盛行对于古诗的写作也不无影响。例如李白的这首五古,全诗八句,中间四句虽然不是工整的对仗,但其中部分词语的对仗以及整个的格式,却可以见到律诗的痕迹。这种散中有对、古中有律的章法和句式,更好地抒发了诗人纯真而深沉的感情,也使得全诗具有一种自然而凝重的风格。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:沙丘城下寄杜甫的诗意

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  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000348s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000518s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000315s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000382s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000356s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000263s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000319s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000270s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000268s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000340s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000305s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000623s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 7182 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000379s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000529s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000326s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 174 WHERE `id` = 7182 [ RunTime:0.001846s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000271s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000328s ]
0.081715s