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忆扬州的诗意
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:173
  忆扬州的诗意

  萧娘脸薄难胜泪,桃叶眉尖易觉愁。

  天下三分明月夜,二分无赖是扬州。

  注释

  1、扬州:今江苏省扬州市。

  2、萧娘:南朝以来,诗词中的男子所恋的女子常被称为萧娘,女子所恋的男子常被称为萧郎。

  3、脸薄:容易害羞,这里形容女子娇美。

  4、胜:能承受。

  5、桃叶:晋代王献之有妾名桃叶,笃爱之,故作《桃叶歌》(南朝陈僧智匠《古今乐录》载)。后常用作咏歌妓的典故。这里代指所少女的代称或指思念的佳人。

  6、觉:察觉。

  7、天下三分:《论语》有“三分天下有其二以服事殷勤。”

  8、无赖:杜甫《奉陪郑驸马韦曲二首》有“韦曲花无赖,家家恼杀人”句,本意是可爱,反说它无赖,无赖正是爱惜的反话。陆游诗:“江水不胜绿,梅花无赖香。”也有可爱、可喜意。

  诗意

  扬州的少女们无忧无虑,

  笑脸迎人,娇美的脸上怎能藏住眼泪,

  她们可爱的眉梢上所挂的一点忧愁也容易被人察觉。

  天下明月的光华有三分吧,

  无赖的扬州啊,你竟然占去了两分。

  赏析

  《忆扬州》是一首怀人的作品,但标题却不明题怀人,而偏说怀地。诗人并不着力描写这座“绿扬城郭”的宜人风物,而是以离恨千端的绵绵情怀,追忆当日的别情。不写自己的殷切怀念,而写远人的别时音容,以往日远人的情重,衬出诗人自己情怀的不堪,这是深一层的写法。

  前两句“萧娘脸薄难胜泪,桃叶眉尖易觉愁”,极写当日的别离景象。所谓“相见时难别亦难”,“萧娘”、“桃叶”均代指所思;“愁眉”、“泪眼”似是重复,而用一个“难”字和一个“易”字表达出来,不但不显得累赘,反而有反复留连、无限萦怀之感。当日的愁眉,当日的泪眼,以及当日的惨痛心情,都作成别离后无穷的思念。

  后两句“天下三分明月夜,二分无赖是扬州”,在这思念殷切的时候,诗人唯觉一片惆怅,没有可以诉说的人,于是,抬头而见月,但此月偏偏又是当时扬州照人离别之月,更加助愁添恨。虽然时光冲淡了当日的凄苦,却割不断缠绵的思念。这种挣不断、解不开的心绪,本与明月无关,但它曾照过离人的泪眼,好比对人有情,而离别后偏偏照着愁人,又好像无动于衷,这便显得“可憎”。诗人在深夜抬头望月的时候,原本欲解脱这一段愁思,却想不到月光又来缠人,所以说“明月无赖”。“无赖”二字,原本有褒和贬的两重意义,这里因明月恼人,有抱怨的意思。但后世因为惊赏这种扬州明月的新奇形象,就离开了诗人原意,把它截下来只作为描写扬州夜月的传神警句来欣赏,这时的“无赖”二字又成为爱极的昵称了。这也是形象有时会大于作者构思的一例。

  古人律体绝句的结尾处,有时用一种叫做“一笔荡开”的方法,往往会产生一种“寄意无穷”的效果。这首诗所不同的,是它不在第四句用,而在第三句时即已“荡开”。说愁眉,说泪眼,虽然作者余情未尽,而其他的事情已不必增添,于是忽然揽入一轮明月,以写无可奈何的情态,体现了构思的险谲。这两句看似将全诗截为两段,实际上则是欲断不断,题中用“忆”字,将全诗连贯起来,依然是“剪不断,理还乱”的“别是一般滋味”。本来月光普照,遍及人寰,并不偏宠扬州。而扬州的魅力,也不是仅在月色。诗为传神,有时似乎违反常理,却能深入事理骨髓。“三分”、“无赖”的奇幻设想,也有它的渊源与影响。()《论语》中有“三分天下有其二以服事殷勤。”不过这是赞颂周文王的句子,没有半点诗意。谢灵运说:“天下才有一石,曹子建独占八斗,我得一斗,天下共分一斗。”而徐凝这首诗中的“三分之二”不但是诗意的,而且是新奇的。这些数目字,都不可以常理而论,而具有很强的艺术效果,致使后世之人对扬州的向往如醉如痴,“二分明月”成为扬州的代称。此后宋人苏轼的《水龙吟·和章质夫杨花》中“春色三分,二分尘土,一分流水”也不逊色。至于“月色无赖”,后世如王安石“春色恼人眠不得,月移花影上栏杆”中的“春色恼人”,即运用了同一手笔。

  诗人把扬州明月写到了入神的地步,并用“无赖”之“明月”,把扬州装点出无限的风姿,与《忆扬州》的标题吻合无间,使人向往扬州的美好。这也许是诗人有意的安排,这种大胆的艺术构思所产生的效果,令人为之惊叹。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:忆扬州的诗意

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.003202s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
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  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002890s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000746s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002915s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000468s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000628s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002647s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002598s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001033s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000332s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000851s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000429s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000223s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000927s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 7432 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002127s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001102s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000299s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 174 WHERE `id` = 7432 [ RunTime:0.002252s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000271s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000306s ]
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