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高启《初夏江村》水满乳凫翻藕叶 风疏飞燕拂桐花
作者:高启 发布日期:2023-04-27 点击数:3315

 

初夏江村
高启 〔明代〕


轻衣软履步江沙,树暗前村定几家。
水满乳凫翻藕叶,风疏飞燕拂桐花。

渡头正见横渔艇,林外时闻响纬车。
最是黄梅时节近,雨余归路有鸣蛙。


《初夏江村》是明代诗人高启所作的一首七言律诗。这首诗描绘了一幅色调明快的初夏江村黄梅时节乡村风光图,首联写江边的人在戏水,颔联写江边看到的动物和植物,颈联写江边的整体意境,尾联点明时间。此诗对仗工整,笔致妩媚隽秀,夏日景致活灵活现。

名家点评

文学评论家王美春《古代类诗漫话》:“好一幅初夏江村风光图:乳凫翻动荷叶,飞燕穿拂桐花,纬车纺丝,雨后蛙鸣。在这幅秀丽的图画中,那阵阵蛙鸣使画外有声,无疑是传神美妙的一笔!”

译文及注释

译文


身着轻装足踏轻软的鞋漫步在江沙,柳树后面隐藏而不显露处有几户人家。
野鸭在江水上戏水,莲叶微微晃动,微风轻轻吹过,燕子拂过桐花飞翔。
村边渡口恰好横卧着一艘打渔的船,树林外面时常听到缫丝和纺纱的声音。
此时恰逢黄梅时节到来,一场雨后,归来的路上处处有清脆的蛙鸣声。

注释

轻衣:轻便的衣装,此处指夏日的装束。
软履:轻软的鞋。
暗:隐藏而不显露。
定:定准,一定。
乳凫:初生的水鸟,也指水鸭。
疏:稀疏。
渡头:渡口。
纬车:缫丝的纺车。
黄梅时节:指梅子黄熟的时候,这时天气多雨,故有黄梅雨季之称。

创作背景

  这首诗写于明朝前期,从古诗内容来看,诗人游览江南乡村,漫步江边,初夏的风光使诗人心中充满了欢喜,便写下这首诗。

赏析

  这是一首七言律诗,诗人以生动细腻、清新秀丽的笔触,描绘出了一幅色调明快、充满生活气息的江南水乡初夏风光图,读来不觉令人欣然向往之至。

  首联“轻衣软履步江沙,树暗前村定几家”,写江边的人穿着轻便的衣装和轻软的鞋子,在江边沙滩上漫步,发现前面树木葱茏、竹树环合的地方是一个小村子,认为里面定会住着几户人家。

  颔联“水满乳凫翻藕叶,风疏飞燕拂桐花”,一句写水中,一句写岸上,乳凫翻动莲叶,飞燕穿拂桐花,写得细腻生动、真切自然,极富于美感,一下便把人们带进了初夏的江南水乡。

  颈联“渡头正是横渔艇,林外时闻响纬车”,两句诗一句写所见,一句写所闻,诗人将诲笔由近景的描写转为远景的绘制。远处的渡口横着打渔的船,使人想到渔家生活的情趣;树林之外不时传来缫丝车响,又令人想到今年蚕丝丰收的情景。因此,这里已不是一般的写景了,在写景中,可以让人想见江南水乡人民安居乐业、勤奋劳作的生活情景。

  “最是黄梅时节近,雨余归路有鸣蛙”,这是诗的尾联,交代了此时的季节正是“黄梅时节近”,点出题目中的“初夏”,而“雨余归路有鸣蛙”,又点明了这是“江村”,诗末点题,更见情趣盎然。一个“归路”,又使得诗首尾照应,结构完整,诗一开头交代“轻衣软履步江沙”,到此点明“归路”,前后呼应得自然,至此诗篇结束,可谓水到渠成,恰到好处。

  这首诗在艺术上也是极其成功的。主要特点有:一是景物描写形象、逼真,充分表现了黄梅时节江南水乡的典型特征。二是自始至终流露着诗人热爱乡村的思想情感,但诗人又没有直说,而是借景物的描绘自然地渗透出来。三是注意章法和描写角度的变化,结构远近搭配,岸上水中错落,灵活而多变,而诗首尾的照应,也使诗的结构更显得严谨。▲


高启(1336-1374),汉族,元末明初著名诗人,文学家。字季迪,号槎轩,长洲(今江苏苏州市)人。元末隐居吴淞青丘,自号青丘子。高启才华高逸,学问渊博,能文,尤精于诗,与刘基、宋濂并称“明初诗文三大家”,又与杨基、张羽、徐贲被誉为“吴中四杰”,当时论者把他们比作“初明四杰”。又与王行等号“北郭十友”。明洪武初,以荐参修《元史》,授翰林院国史编修官,受命教授诸王。擢户部右侍郎,力辞不受。苏州知府魏观在张士诚宫址改修府治,获罪被诛。高启曾为之作《郡治上梁文》,有“龙蟠虎踞”四字,被疑为歌颂张士诚,连坐腰斩。著有《高太史大全集》《凫藻集》等。

 



有才子曰:高启《初夏江村》水满乳凫翻藕叶 风疏飞燕拂桐花

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  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000419s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000601s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000422s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000615s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.004616s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000500s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000446s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000355s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000389s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000434s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001766s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000537s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000322s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001258s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 748 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001722s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000590s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001251s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3316 WHERE `id` = 748 [ RunTime:0.001877s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000428s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000300s ]
0.297628s