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古诗闻官军收河南河北的诗意
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:169
  古诗闻官军收河南河北的诗意

  【闻官军收河南河北】

  作者:杜甫

  剑外忽传收蓟北,初闻涕泪满衣裳。

  却看妻子愁何在,漫卷诗书喜欲狂。

  白日放歌须纵酒,青春作伴好还乡。

  即从巴峡穿巫峡,便下襄阳向洛阳。

  【译文1】

  剑门关以南的四川,忽然传来收复蓟北的消息,初听到这个消息惊喜得涕泪交流,沾湿了衣裳。回过头来再看妻子,平日的优愁已不知跑到何处去了;我胡乱地卷起诗书高兴得几乎要发狂。白日里我要放声歌唱,纵情畅饮;美好的春景正好伴着我返回故乡。我们要立即动身,从巴峡乘船,穿过巫峡,顺流直下到达湖北襄阳,再从襄阳北上,直奔洛阳。

  【译文2】

  在剑南忽然传说,收复蓟北的消息,初听到悲喜交集,涕泪沾满了衣裳。回头看看妻子儿女,忧愁不知去向?胡乱收卷诗书,我高光得快要发狂!白天我要开怀痛饮,放声纵情歌唱;明媚春光和我作伴,我好启程还乡。仿佛觉得,我已从巴峡穿过了巫峡;很快便到了襄阳,旋即又奔向洛阳。

  【诗意1】

  这首诗描写的是诗人在饱受战乱流离之苦后,突然听到胜利消息时的狂喜的情状。也非常概括地写出了所有遭战祸离乱的家庭的共同感受,使这首诗成为千古名篇。

  【诗意2】

  这首诗是杜甫流落到梓州时所作。这一年杜甫52岁,由于安史之乱而漂泊到剑门之外已是第五个年头,杜甫无时不期望着能够平息叛乱,叶落归根。突然他听说官军收复了蓟北,喜极而泣,不能自抑。作者用了“忽传”、“初闻”、“却看”、“漫卷”四个连续动作,把惊喜心情有表达得淋漓尽致。而在“即从”、 “穿”、“便下”、“向”这四个富有动感节奏的描述中,作者想象着自己仿佛已经穿过巴峡、巫峡,路过襄阳、洛阳,回到了梦寐以求的家乡。后人说:“此诗句句有喜跃意,一气流注,而曲折尽情,绝无妆点,愈朴愈真”,此诗是老杜“生平第一首快诗”,如此等等,都是非常精当的评语。

  【诗意3】

  杜甫在这首诗下自注:“余田园在东京。”诗的主题是抒写忽闻叛乱已平的捷报,急于奔回老家的喜悦。“剑外忽传收蓟北”,起势迅猛,恰切地表现了捷报的突然。诗人多年飘泊“剑外”,备尝艰苦,想回故乡而不可能,就是由于“蓟北”未收,安史之乱未平。如今“忽传收蓟北”,惊喜的洪流,一下子冲开了郁积已久的情感闸门,令诗人心中涛翻浪涌。“初闻涕泪满衣裳”,“初闻”紧承“忽传”,“忽传”表现捷报来得太突然,“涕泪满衣裳”则以形传神,表现突然传来的捷报在“初闻”的一刹那所激发的感情波涛,这是喜极而悲、悲喜交集的真实表现。“蓟北”已收,战乱将息,乾坤疮痍、黎民疾苦,都将得到疗救,诗人颠沛流离、感时恨别的苦日子,总算熬过来了。然而痛定思痛,诗人回想八年来熬过的重重苦难,又不禁悲从中来,无法压抑。可是,这一场浩劫,终于像恶梦一般过去了,诗人可以返回故乡了,人们将开始新的生活,于是又转悲为喜,喜不自胜。这“初闻”捷报之时的心理变化、复杂感情,如果用散文的写法,必需很多笔墨,而诗人只用“涕泪满衣裳”五个字作形象的描绘,就足以概括这一切。

  颔联以转作承,落脚于“喜欲狂”,这是惊喜的更高峰。“却看妻子”、“漫卷诗书”,这是两个连续性的动作,带有一定的因果关系。当诗人悲喜交集, “涕泪满衣裳”之时,自然想到多年来同受苦难的妻子儿女。“却看”就是“回头看”。“回头看”这个动作极富意蕴,诗人似乎想向家人说些什么,但又不知从何说起。其实,无需说什么了,多年笼罩全家的愁云不知跑到哪儿去了,亲人们都不再是愁眉苦脸,而是笑逐颜开,喜气洋洋。亲人的喜反转来增加了诗人的喜,诗人再也无心伏案了,随手卷起诗书,大家同享胜利的欢乐。

  “白日放歌须纵酒,青春作伴好还乡”一联,就“喜欲狂”作进一步抒写。“白日”,点出人已到了老年。老年人难得“放歌”,也不宜“纵酒”;如今既要 “放歌”,还须“纵酒”,正是“喜欲狂”的具体表现。这句写“狂”态,下句则写“狂”想。“青春”指春季,春天已经来临,在鸟语花香中与妻子儿女们“作伴”,正好“还乡”。诗人想到这里,自然就会“喜欲狂”了。

  尾联写诗人“青春作伴好还乡”的狂想,身在梓州,而弹指之间,心已回到故乡。诗人的惊喜达到高潮,全诗也至此结束。这一联,包涵四个地名。“巴峡” 与“巫峡”,“襄阳”与“洛阳”,既各自对偶(句内对),又前后对偶,形成工整的地名对;而用“即从”、“便下”绾合,两句紧连,一气贯注,又是活泼流走的流水对。再加上“穿”、“向”的动态与两“峡”两“阳”的重复,文势、音调,迅急有如闪电,准确地表现了诗人想象的飞驰。“巴峡”、“巫峡”、“襄阳”、“洛阳”,这四个地方之间都有很漫长的距离,而一用“即从”、“穿”、“便下”、“向”贯串起来,就出现了“即从巴峡穿巫峡,便下襄阳向洛阳”的疾速飞驰的画面,一个接一个地从读者眼前一闪而过。这里需要指出的是:诗人既展示想象,又描绘实境。从“巴峡”到“巫峡”,峡险而窄,舟行如梭,所以用 “穿”;出“巫峡”到“襄阳”,顺流急驶,所以用“下”;从“襄阳”到“洛阳”,已换陆路,所以用“向”,用字高度准确。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:古诗闻官军收河南河北的诗意

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  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000376s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000504s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000311s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000359s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000338s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000272s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000288s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000343s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000201s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000403s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 7569 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000319s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000351s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000235s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 170 WHERE `id` = 7569 [ RunTime:0.001605s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000273s ]
0.074523s