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刘禹锡《始闻秋风》马思边草拳毛动 雕眄青云睡眼开
作者:刘禹锡 发布日期:2023-08-18 点击数:2116

 

始闻秋风
刘禹锡〔唐代〕


昔看黄菊与君别,今听玄蝉我却回。
五夜飕飗枕前觉,一年颜状镜中来。

马思边草拳毛动,雕眄青云睡眼开。
天地肃清堪四望,为君扶病上高台。


《始闻秋风》是唐代诗人刘禹锡创作的一首七言律诗。这首诗首联是诗人为秋风代言。在首联中诗人把秋风拟人化,诗人与秋风的对话紧扣诗题,并侧面反映出秋风与诗人原是故旧,秋风对诗人很有感情。中间两联,宕开一笔,作了转折,由为秋风代言变为写诗人之所闻、所见和所想。尾联是诗人对秋风的答词。这首诗先写秋风对诗人的谈话,再写诗人对秋风的言语,含蓄别致地表达了诗人对秋天的喜爱之情。

名家点评

清·沈德潜:下半首英气勃发,少陵操管不过如是。

译文及注释

译文


去年看菊花我和您告别,今年听到蝉叫我又返回。
五更的风声飕飗枕上觉,一年的颜状变化镜中来。
战马思念边草拳毛抖动,大雕顾盼青云睡眼睁开。
秋高气爽正好极目远望,我为您抱着病登上高台。

注释

君:即秋风对作者的称谓。
玄蝉:即秋蝉,黑褐色。我:秋风自称。
五夜:一夜分为五个更次,此指五更。飕飗(sōuliú):风声。
颜状:容貌。
拳毛:攀曲的马毛。
雕:猛禽。眄(miàn):斜视,一作“盼”。
肃清:形容秋气清爽明净。
扶病:带病。

鉴赏

  这首《始闻秋风》不同于一般封建文人的“悲秋”之作,它是一首高亢的秋歌,表现了独特的美学观点和艺术创新的精神。

  开头两句“昔看黄菊与君别,今听玄蝉我却回”,就别出心裁地创造了一个有知有情的形象──“我”,即诗题中的“秋风”,亦即“秋”的象征。当她重返人间,就去寻找久别的“君”──也就是诗人。她深情地回忆起去年观赏黄菊的时刻与诗人分别,而此刻一听到秋蝉的鸣叫,便又回到诗人的身边共话别情。在这里诗人采取拟人手法,从对方着墨,生动地创造了一个奇妙的而又情韵浓郁的意境。据《礼记·月令》,菊黄当在季秋,即秋去冬来之际;蝉鸣当在孟秋,即暑尽秋来之时。“看黄菊”、“听玄蝉”,形象而准确地点明了秋风去而复还的时令。

  颔联“五夜飕飗枕前觉,一年颜状镜中来”,是诗人从自己的角度来写。诗人说:五更时分,凉风飕飕,一听到这熟悉的声音,就知道是“你”回来了,一年不见,“你”还是那么劲疾肃爽,而我那衰老的颜状却在镜中显现出来。这前一句是正面点出“始闻秋风”,后一句是写由此而生发的感慨;和以上两句连读,仿佛是一段话别情的对话。

  读到这里,颇有点儿秋风依旧人非旧的味道,然而颈联“马思边草拳毛动,雕眄青云睡眼开”,用力一转,精神顿作。到了尾联,由于有颈联“马思边草”、“雕眄青云”为比兴,这里的迎秋风上高台,翘首四望的形象的寓意也就自在不言之中了。“为君”二字照应开头,脉络清晰,结构完整。“扶病”二字暗扣第四句,写出一年颜状衰变的原因。但是,尽管如此,豪情不减,犹上高台,这就更表现出他对秋的爱,更反映了诗人自强不息的意志。可见前言“一年颜状镜中来”,是欲扬先抑,是为了衬托出颜状虽衰,心如砥石的精神。所以沈德潜说:“下半首英气勃发,少陵操管不过如是。” 

  刘禹锡晚年写的这首《始闻秋风》所表现出来的那种跌宕雄健的风格和积极健康的美学趣味,正是诗人那种“老骥伏枥,志在千里”的倔强进取精神和品格的艺术写照。


创作背景

  这首诗作于公元836—842年之间。唐武宗会昌元年(841),刘禹锡作《秋声赋》。这首诗中所表现出来的积极进取,与《秋声赋》颇为一致,可见这首诗的写作年代不会与《秋声赋》的写作年代太远。公元836年秋天,作者刘禹锡患了足疾,此后一直疾病缠身。这首诗中明写诗人有病,与这个时期诗人的健康状况颇符,说明这首诗断不会作于公元836年之前。

刘禹锡(772年~842年),字梦得,籍贯河南洛阳,生于河南郑州荥阳,自述“家本荥上,籍占洛阳” ,自称是汉中山靖王后裔。唐朝时期大臣、文学家、哲学家,有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新,是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马(今湖南常德)。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。

 



有才子曰:刘禹锡《始闻秋风》马思边草拳毛动 雕眄青云睡眼开

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  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000418s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000730s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000460s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000853s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000388s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000467s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000334s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000431s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000425s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000499s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000419s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000409s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000454s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000301s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000699s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 821 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000487s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000537s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000343s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2117 WHERE `id` = 821 [ RunTime:0.001977s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000291s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000657s ]
0.107220s