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郑谷《淮上渔者》白头波上白头翁 家逐船移江浦风
作者:郑谷 发布日期:2023-12-04 点击数:2603

 

淮上渔者
郑谷〔唐代〕


白头波上白头翁,家逐船移江浦风。
一尺鲈鱼新钓得,儿孙吹火荻花中。


《淮上渔者》是唐代诗人郑谷创作的一首七言绝句。这首诗写以捕鱼为业逐水而居的渔民生活。前两句写老渔翁整年累月生活在江水浪花上,全家人随着渔船在水上漂流,沐浴在水边的风雨里。后两句写当钓得一条肥美的鲈鱼后,全家老少便在荻花地里架起柴灶烹食,老老小小享受着劳动成果的愉快。这首诗语言质朴自然,不用典故,不事雕琢,诗风显得清新活泼,明白畅晓。

名家点评

宋·罗大经《鹤林玉露》:农圃家风,渔樵乐事,唐人绝句模写精矣。余摘十首题壁间,每菜羹豆饭饱后,啜苦茗一杯,偃卧松窗竹榻间,令儿童吟诵数过,自谓胜如吹竹弹丝。今记于此……郑谷云:“白头波上白头翁……”

译文及注释

译文


无边淮河白浪滚滚,白发渔翁以船为家。水边轻风阵阵,渔船随处飘流。
老渔夫刚刚钓得的尺把长的鲈鱼,儿孙们在荻花从中忙着吹火饮食。

注释

白头波:江上的白浪。
白头翁:鸟类的一种,文中指白头发的老渔翁。
江浦风 一作:浦浦风
逐:跟随,随着。
浦:水边,岸边,或为风的“呼呼”声。
吹火:生火。
荻(dí):生在水边的草本植物,形状像芦苇,花呈紫色。

赏析

  这是一首描写淮河渔民生活的七绝诗歌,短短七言二十八个字便展示了一幅垂钓风情画。此诗情理兼备,意境高雅,一幅自然和谐、闲适安逸的垂钓图表现了渔者生活的乐趣。

  “白头波上白头翁,家逐船移江浦风。”描述了一个白发苍苍的老渔父,以船为屋,以水为家,终日逐水而居,整年出没于江河水面,飘泊不定,饱受江风吹袭,为衣食而奔波劳苦。其中“白头波上白头翁”连用两个“白头”,是为了强调老渔父如此年纪尚飘泊打鱼,透露出作者的哀叹之意。写渔人之“渔”,表现了渔者搏击风浪的雄姿,洒脱、利落。“家逐船移江浦风”写渔人之“归”,对于渔人而言,家就是船,船就是家,故注一“逐”字,有一种随遇而安、自由自在的意味。

  “一尺鲈鱼新钓得,儿孙吹火荻花中。”这两句生活气息浓郁,但于其中也隐隐透出一缕清苦的况味,渔人终日以渔为业,吃到鱼也并非易事。其中“一尺鲈鱼新钓得”写渔人之“获”,“新钓得”三字完全是一种乐而悠哉的口吻,其洋洋自得的神情漾然纸上。“儿孙吹火荻花中。”写渔者的天伦之“乐”,优美的自然环境烘托了人物怡然的心情。尤其是一个“吹”字,富有野趣,开人心怀,那袅袅升腾的青白色炊烟,那瑟瑟曳动的紫色获花,再加上嘻嘻哈哈、叽叽喳喳的稚言稚语,和着直往鼻孔里钻的鱼香,较为安定的王朝周边地区构成了一个醉煞人心的境界。

创作背景

  此诗作于郑谷早年交游与长安求仕时期(懿宗咸通中至僖宗乾符末)。这一时期可以说是郑谷诗歌创作的早期。这一时期的李唐虽然各地叛乱不断,但唐王朝的力量尚处于优势,长安及其周边地区也算安定。

郑谷 

郑谷(约851~910)唐朝末期著名诗人。字守愚,汉族,江西宜春市袁州区人。僖宗时进士,官都官郎中,人称郑都官。又以《鹧鸪诗》得名,人称郑鹧鸪。其诗多写景咏物之作,表现士大夫的闲情逸致。风格清新通俗,但流于浅率。曾与许裳、张乔等唱和往还,号“芳林十哲”。原有集,已散佚,存《云台编》。

 



有才子曰:郑谷《淮上渔者》白头波上白头翁 家逐船移江浦风

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  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.013222s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001452s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.013409s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.004983s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.007220s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.003095s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 897 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002070s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.003637s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.004613s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2604 WHERE `id` = 897 [ RunTime:0.381814s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002696s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.005895s ]
1.424580s