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十二
作者:[宋]周密 发布日期:2024-07-26 点击数:1031

  卷四

  ◎避讳

  古今避讳之事,杂见诸书,今漫集数条于此,以备考览。

  盖殷以前,尚质不讳名,至周始讳,然犹不尽讳。如穆王名满,定王时有王孙满之类。至秦始皇讳政,乃呼正月为征月,《史记·年表》作端月。卢生曰:“不敢端言其过。”秦颁端正法度日“端直”。皆避政字。

  汉高祖讳邦,旧史以邦为国。惠帝讳盈,《史记》以万盈数作满数。文帝讳恒,以恒山为常山。景帝讳启,《史记》微子启作微子开,《汉书》启母石作开母石。武帝讳彻,以彻侯为通侯,蒯彻为蒯通。宣帝讳询,以荀卿为孙卿。元帝讳 奭,以奭氏为盛氏。光武讳秀,以秀才为茂才。明帝讳庄,以老、庄为老、严,庄助为严助,卞庄为卞严。殇帝讳隆,以隆虑为林虑。安帝父讳庆,以庆氏为贺氏。

  魏武帝讳操,以杜操为杜度。蜀后主讳宗,以孟宗为孟仁。晋景帝讳师,以师保为保傅,京师为京都。文帝讳昭,以昭穆为韶穆,昭君为明君,《三国志》韦昭为韦耀。愍帝讳业,以建业为建康。康帝讳岳,以邓岳为邓岱,山岳为山岱。齐太祖讳道成,师道渊但言师渊。梁武帝小名阿练,子孙皆呼练为白绢。隋文帝父讳忠,凡郎中皆去中字,侍中为侍内,中书为内史,殿中侍御为殿内侍御,置侍郎不置侍中,置御史大夫不置中丞,以侍书御史代之,中庐为次庐。至唐又避太子讳,亦以中郎为旅贲郎将,中书舍人为内舍人。炀帝讳广,以广乐为长乐,广陵为江都。

  唐世祖讳丙,故以景字代之,如景科、景令,景子之类,是也。唐祖讳虎,凡言虎,率改为猛兽,或为武,如武贲、武林之类。李延寿作《南北史》,易石虎为石季龙,韩擒虎为韩擒。高祖讳渊,赵文渊为文深,凡渊字尽改为泉。刘渊为元海,戴渊为戴若思。太宗讳世民,《唐史》凡言世,皆曰“代”,民,皆曰“人”,如人、治人、生人、富人侯之类。民部曰“户部”。高宗讳治,凡言治皆曰“理”,如“至理之主,不代出者”,章怀避当时讳也。陆贽曰:“与理同道罔不兴”,“胁从罔理”。韩文《策问》:“尧、舜垂衣裳而天下理”,又“无为而理者,其舜也欤”。睿宗讳旦,张仁改仁愿。玄宗讳隆基,太一君基、臣基,并改为其字。隆州为阆中,隆康为普康,隆龛为崇龛,隆山郡为仁寿郡。代宗讳豫,以豫章为钟陵,苏预改名源明,以薯蓣为薯及山药。德宗讳适,改括州为处州。宪宗讳纯,淳州改为栾州,韦纯改名贯之,之纯改名处厚,王纯改名绍,陆纯改名质,柳淳改名灌,严纯改名休复,李行纯改名行谌,崔纯亮改名行范,程纯改名弘,冯纯敏改名约。穆宗讳恒,以恒山为常山。敬宗讳弘,徐弘敏改名有功。郑涵避文宗旧讳,改名 瀚。武宗讳炎,贾炎改名嵩。宣宗讳忱,韦谌改名损,穆谌改名仁裕。

  梁太祖父烈祖名诚,遂改城曰“墙”。晋高祖讳敬塘,析敬字为文氏、苟氏,至汉乃复旧。至本朝避翼祖讳,复析为文、为苟。

  本朝高宗讳构,避嫌名者,仍其字更其音者,勾涛是也;加金字,钩光祖是也;加丝字,絇纺是也;加草头者,苟谌是也;改为句字者,句思是也;增勾龙者,如渊是也;勾龙去上一字者,大渊是也。已上,皆臣下避君讳也。

  吴太子讳和,以和兴为嘉兴。唐高宗太子弘,为武后所鸩,追尊为孝敬帝,庙曰义宗,弘文馆改为昭文,弘农县为恒农,韦弘机但为机。李含光本姓弘,易为李,曲阿弘氏易为洪,温彦弘遂以大雅字行。晋以毗陵封东海王世子毗,以毗陵为晋陵。唐避章怀太子贤讳,改集贤为崇文馆之类,皆避太子之讳也。

  吕后讳雉,《封禅书》谓“野鸡夜雊”。武后讳瞾,以诏书为制书,鲍照为鲍昭。改懿德太子重照为重润,刘思照为思昭。简文郑后讳阿春,以《春秋》为《阳秋》,富春为富阳,蕲春为蕲阳。此避后讳也。

  元后父讳禁,以禁中为省中。武后父讳华,以华州为太州。韦仁约避武后家讳,改名元忠。窦怀贞避韦后家讳,而以字行。刘穆之避王后家讳,以宪祖字行,后复避桓温母讳,遂称小字武生。虞茂避穆后母讳,改名预。本朝章宪太后父讳通,尝改通直郎为同直郎,通州为崇州,通判为同判,通进司为承进司,通奉为中奉,通事舍人为宣事舍人。至明道间,遂复旧。此则避后家讳也。

  钱王镠,以石榴为金樱,改刘氏为金氏。杨行密据扬州,州人呼蜜为蜂糖。赵避石勒讳,以罗勒为兰香。高祖父名诚,以武成王为武明王,武成县为武义县。羊祜为荆州,州人呼户曹为辞曹之类,皆避国主、诸侯讳也。

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  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/12a1346e256eb16649faf1dac823ff9d.php ( 10.47 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000479s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000568s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000335s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000516s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000316s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000393s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000382s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000348s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000281s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000324s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000281s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000350s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000333s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_novel_volumes` [ RunTime:0.000654s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_novel_volumes` WHERE `id` = 121 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001027s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_novel_chapter_2` [ RunTime:0.000517s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_novel_chapter_2` WHERE `id` = 85999 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002663s ]
  19. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000431s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 18542 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000338s ]
  21. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000391s ]
  22. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  23. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 1032 WHERE `id` = 18542 [ RunTime:0.001759s ]
  24. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 107 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  25. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_novel_news` [ RunTime:0.000507s ]
  26. SELECT * FROM `qing_novel_news` WHERE `arv_id` = 121 AND `id` > 85999 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000361s ]
  27. SELECT * FROM `qing_novel_news` WHERE `arv_id` = 121 AND `id` < 85999 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000314s ]
0.094474s