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      《菩萨蛮》南园满地堆轻絮 愁闻一霎清明雨
      发布日期:2020-04-19

        菩萨蛮-南园满地堆轻絮

        唐代:温庭筠

        南园满地堆轻絮,愁闻一霎清明雨。雨后却斜阳,杏花零落香。

        无言匀睡脸,枕上屏山掩。时节欲黄昏,无憀独倚门。

        写景,抒情,寂寞,春天

        译文及注释

        译文

        南园地上堆满飘落的柳絮,忽然听得一阵清明时节的急雨骤然而来。急雨过后夕阳斜挂天边,飘落泥中的杏花仍带着芳香。

        被雨惊醒的女子容颜显出几分匀和秀美,起身将那枕后的屏山轻掩,窗外已是日暮苍茫的黄昏时分,无聊地靠在门楣上望着那黄昏风景。

        注释

        菩萨蛮:又名“子夜歌”“重叠金”。唐教坊曲,后用为词牌名。《宋史·乐志》、《尊前集》、《金奁集》并入“中吕宫”,《张子野词》作“中吕调”。

        屏山:如屏之山,指屏风;床头小屏,亦名枕屏、枕障。

        无憀:即无聊。

        憀:通“聊”。

        创作背景

        乐府纪闻》记载此事云:“令狐綯假温庭筠手撰二十阕以进。”据此,《菩萨蛮》诸阕乃温庭筠所撰而由令狐绹进献唐宣宗之作。其时当在大中后期(公元850年—公元859年),正值温庭筠屡试不第之时。温庭筠的《菩萨蛮》没有全部流传下来,现在能见到的有《花间集》收录的十四首,这是其中第十一首。

        赏析

        刘熙载在《艺概》中称温庭筠词“精妙绝伦,然类不出乎绮怨。”这首《菩萨蛮》写的就是一个独处闺中的女子春昼睡起后的生活情态。上阕纯写时节景物,勾画出一幅典型的暮春景象;下阕描写在这种环境薰染下女主人公的百无聊赖的心情。

        上阕纯写时节景物。

        作者寥寥几笔就勾画出一幅典型的暮春景象,而于其略露人情。“愁闻一霎清明雨”一句是上阕的关键,说“闻”即有人在,而且是“愁闻”,更透露出人情。前后三句的景物,都是“愁闻”的人感受到的。从下阕首句看,其人闻雨是在床榻上,并是被雨惊醒的,闻雨而愁,是下意识的惜春之情的流露。首句先从景物表明时节。柳絮飞于春暮时。“轻絮”前用一“堆”字形容花絮落积之厚,在杨柳树多的地方即有这种景象。次句明言节候。“一霎”的雨是阵雨,下面两句即是阵雨后的景象。

        “雨后”二句写暮春阵雨后的光景:雨余气清,斜阳照射,落花犹香,一切作用于人的各种感官,总的给人以凄艳的感觉。“却”字为倒转之意,雨与阳光乃是相反的气象,而“雨后”即出现“斜阳”,故用一“却”字表示感觉的特异,亦有助于对整个境象的新鲜之感。雨停下来了,天空中出现斜阳,只见那零落的杏花,依旧散着芳香。但落花之香给予人的并不是美的享受,而是心灵上的刺激,只能加重伤春情绪。

        下阕描写主人公的情态,在这种环境薰染下的百无聊赖的心情。

        “无言”二句为午睡初起的表情。“无言”二字可见主人公冷寂的心情,也可看出她是独处香闺的。“匀睡脸”则是由冷寂心情产生的懒散容态,只是略匀面脂而未着意梳妆。

        “枕上”句是对睡处的回顾,只淡淡地把屏、枕物象略提一下,暗露主人公从起身后离开屏枕时感到的空虚心情,也是产生“无言”句那种表情的环境气氛,因为在这样的处境中,人自然地要懒洋洋的了。“屏山”是床畔的掩蔽物,即屏风。这里只提“枕上屏山掩”,因起身后枕上空虚,最是关情。

        末二句以主人公之黄昏无聊,觉光景人情,一片黯然。“月上柳梢头,人约黄昏后”(朱淑真《生查子》),黄昏时候人世间有多少浪漫故事发生。她也是人,也有爱情婚姻的要求,她的那颗心再也无法平静下来,便无聊地起身依门张望。至于是望谁,能否达到目的,词中没有说,留下了悬念。此词上阕所布设的时节景物,如堆絮、落花、愁雨、斜阳,与下阕描写人的活动如无言匀脸、无聊倚门,情境同此索寞,互为表里,可见匠心。

        李白著名诗篇《玉阶怨》,也是写富女秋怨的。两者结合读,更能体会个中滋味。

        温庭筠(约812—866)唐代诗人、词人。本名岐,字飞卿,太原祁(今山西祁县东南)人。富有天才,文思敏捷,每入试,押官韵,八叉手而成八韵,所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁,又好讥刺权贵,多犯忌讳,取憎于时,故屡举进士不第,长被贬抑,终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗,与李商隐齐名,时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽,秾艳精致,内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上,为“花间派”首要词人,对词的发展影响较大。在词史上,与韦庄齐名,并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》



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      145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.006174s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.004473s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.010141s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.002173s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.007521s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.005922s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.005916s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.008437s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.005616s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.008396s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.005987s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.010152s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001957s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.005378s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.009732s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11239 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003526s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.006814s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.007420s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 212 WHERE `id` = 11239 [ RunTime:0.005201s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.013020s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001944s ]
      0.794966s