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      刘方平《月夜》更深月色半人家 北斗阑干南斗斜
      发布日期:2024-04-07

       

      月夜
      刘方平〔唐代〕


      更深月色半人家,北斗阑干南斗斜。
      今夜偏知春气暖,虫声新透绿窗纱。


      《月夜》是唐代诗人刘方平创作的一首七言绝句。这首诗记叙作者对初春月夜气候转暖的独特感受。诗的前二句写景,记叙星月西斜,夜深人静。诗的后二句记所闻、所感,因虫声透过窗纱传来,感到已到春暖时节。诗中描绘了一种优美宁静而富有生机的境界,令人感到物候在变化,又是静美的。

      译文及注释

      译文


      夜静更深,朦胧的斜月撒下点点清辉,映照着家家户户。夜空中,北斗星和南斗星都已横斜。
      今夜出乎意料地感觉到了初春暖意,还听得春虫叫声穿透绿色窗纱。

      注释

      更深:古时计算时间,一夜分成五更。更深,夜深了。
      月色半人家:月光只照亮了人家房屋的一半,另一半隐藏在黑暗里。
      北斗:在北方天空排列成斗形的七颗亮星。
      阑干:这里指横斜的样子。
      南斗:有星六颗。在北斗星以南,形似斗,故称“南斗”。
      偏知:才知,表示出乎意料。
      新:初。新透:第一次透过。

      鉴赏

        唐诗中,以春和月为题的不少。或咏春景而感怀,或望明月而生情思。此诗写春,不唯不从柳绿桃红之类的事物着笔,反借夜幕将这似乎最具有春天景色特点的事物遮掩起来,写月,也不细描其光影,不感叹其圆缺;而只是在夜色中调进半片月色,这样,夜色不至太浓,月色也不至太明,造成一种蒙胧而和谐的旋律。

        此诗首揭“更深”二字,为以下景色的描绘确定了基调,也给全诗笼罩一种特殊氛围。“月色半人家”是“更深”二字的具体化,接下的一句“北斗阑干南斗斜”,是“更深”于夜空的征象,两句一起造成春夜的静穆,意境深邃。月光半照,是因为月轮西斜,诗以星斗阑干为映衬,这就构成两句之间的内在关联。

        “今夜偏知春气暖.虫声新透绿窗纱”,正是诗人全身心地去体察大自然的契机而得到的佳句。从虫介之微而知寒暖之候,说明诗人有着深厚的乡村生活的根柢。因此。这两句非一般人所能道。没有长期乡村生活经验的人固然说不出;便是生活在乡村,也并非人人都说得出来。今夜虫鸣,究竟是第一回还是第几回,谁去注意它,这须得有心人,还应该有一颗诗心。一个“新”字,饱含对乡村生活的深情,既是说清新,又有欣悦之意。

        “春气暖”自“今夜”始,表明对节候变化十分敏感,“偏知”一语洋溢着自得之情。写隔窗听到虫声,用“透”。给人以生机勃发的力度感。窗纱的绿色,夜晚是看不出的。这绿意来自诗人内心的盎然春意。至此,我们就可以明白:诗人之所以不描写作为春天表征的鲜明的外在景观。而是借助深夜景色气氛来烘托诗的意境,就是因为这诗得之于诗人的内心。

        诗人是以一颗纯净的心灵体察自然界的细微变化的。诗的前二句写景物,不着一丝春的色彩.却暗中关合春意,颇具蕴藉之致。第三句的“春气暖”。结句的“虫声”,“绿窗纱”互为映发。于是春意俱足。但这声与色,仍从“意”(感觉)中来。诗人并非唯从“虫声”才知道春气已暖,“春气暖”是诗人对“今夜”的细微感觉,而“虫声”只是与其感觉冥合的一个物候。因此,诗的意蕴是深厚的。构思的新颖别致,决定于感受的独特。唐代田园诗成为一个重要流派,也不乏名家。然而。能仿佛陶诗一二者并不多见。象本诗这样深得陶体真趣的。就更为寥寥。至于说本诗有无隐微之情的寄托,于字面无证,不好去穿凿。▲

      简析

        《月夜》是一首七言绝句。这首诗记叙作者对初春月夜气候转暖的独特感受。诗的前二句写景,记叙星月西斜,夜深人静。诗的后二句记所闻、所感,因虫声透过窗纱传来,方感到已至春暖时节。诗中描绘了一种优美宁静而富有生机的境界,令人感受到物候富于变化,这种变化又是静美而蕴藉的。

      刘方平

      刘方平(758年前后在世),唐朝河南洛阳人。匈奴族。天宝前期曾应进士试,又欲从军 ,均未如意,从此隐居颍水、汝河之滨,终生未仕。与皇甫冉、元德秀、李颀、严武为诗友,为萧颖士赏识。工诗,善画山水。其诗多咏物写景之作,尤擅绝句,其诗多写闺情、乡思,思想内容较贫弱,但艺术性较高,善于寓情于景,意蕴无穷。其《月夜》 、《春怨》、《新春》、《秋夜泛舟》等都是历来为人传诵的名作。

       

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      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001663s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001752s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001376s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001277s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000698s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001176s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001557s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000868s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001440s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000915s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001154s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000798s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001523s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000655s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001343s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1215 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001062s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001735s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000855s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2744 WHERE `id` = 1215 [ RunTime:0.002172s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000747s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000813s ]
      0.349432s