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      杨巨源《城东早春》诗家清景在新春 绿柳才黄半未匀
      发布日期:2024-04-07

       

      城东早春
      杨巨源〔唐代〕


      诗家清景在新春,绿柳才黄半未匀。
      若待上林花似锦,出门俱是看花人。


      《城东早春》是唐代诗人杨巨源的诗作,抒写作者对早春的热爱之情。此诗虽只有第二句实写春色,而描写春色又只以柳芽一处,却概括了早春全景。后半段虽写仲春观花的惯常盛况,实际却更加反衬出早春的独特与诗人的慧眼。全诗语言精练,构思巧妙,对比鲜明,含蕴深刻,堪称佳篇。

      译文及注释

      译文


      为诗人喜爱的清新景色,正在这早春之中。绿柳枝头刚刚露出几颗嫩黄的柳眼。
      若是等到长安城中花开似锦之际,满城都是赏花郊游之人。

      注释

      城:指唐代京城长安。
      诗家:诗人的统称,并不仅指作者自己。清景:清秀美丽的景色。清:一作“新”。新春:即早春。
      才黄:刚刚露出嫩黄的柳眼。匀:均匀,匀称。
      上林:上林苑,故址在今陕西西安市西,建于秦代,汉武帝时加以扩充,为汉宫苑。诗中用来代指唐朝京城长安。锦:五色织成的绸绫。
      俱:全,都。看花人:此处双关进士及第者。唐时举进士及第者有在长安城中看花的风俗。

      名家点评

      王思宇:此诗纳清极、秾极之景于一篇,格调极轻快。诗篇特从“诗家”的眼光来写,又寓有理趣,也可以把它看作一种创作见解:即诗人必须感觉锐敏,努力发现新的东西,写出新的境界,不能人云亦云,老是重复那些已经熟滥的旧套。

      赏析

        此诗抒写作者对早春的热爱之情。全诗构思巧妙,虽只有第二句实写春色,而描写春色又只以柳芽一处而概括早春全景。后半段虽写仲春观花的惯常盛况,实际却更加反衬早春的独特与诗人的慧眼。

        此诗写诗人对早春景色的热爱。前两句突出诗题中的“早春”之意。首句是诗人在城东游赏时对所见早春景色的赞美。这里有两层意思,既是表明,为诗家所喜爱的清新景色,正在这早春之中;同时也表明,这清新的早春景色,最能激发诗家的诗情。一个“清”字用得贴切。这里不仅指早春景色本身的清新喜人,也兼指这种景色刚刚开始显露出来,还没引起人们的注意,所以环境显得很清幽。

        第二句紧接第一句,是对早春景色的具体描绘。早春时,柳叶新萌,其色嫩黄,俗称“柳眼”。“才”字“半”字,都是暗示“早”。如果只笼统地写柳叶初生,虽也是写“早春”,但总觉得平淡无味。诗人抓住了“半未匀”这种境界,使人仿佛见到绿枝上刚刚露出的几颗嫩黄的柳眼,那么清新宜人。这不仅突出了“早”字,而且把早春之柳的风姿勾画得非常逼真。生动的笔触蕴含着作者极其欢悦和赞美之情。早春时节,气候寒冷,百花尚未绽开,唯柳枝新叶,冲寒而出,最富有生机,最早为人们带来春天的消息。写新柳,恰好抓住了早春景色的特征。

        上面已将早春之神写出,如再作具体描绘,必成赘疣。下联用“若待”两字一转,改从对面着笔,用芳春的秾丽景色,来反衬早春的“清景”。“上林”即上林苑,故址在今陕西西安市西,建于秦代,汉武帝时加以扩充,为汉宫苑。诗中用来代指京城长安。繁花似锦,写景色的秾艳已极;游人如云,写环境之喧嚷若市。然而这种景色人人尽知,已无新鲜之感。此与上联,正好形成鲜明的对照,更加反衬出作者对早春清新之景的喜爱。

        此诗纳清极、秾极之景于一篇,格调极轻快。诗篇特从“诗家”的眼光来写,又寓有理趣,也可以把它看作一种创作见解:即诗人必须感觉锐敏,努力发现新的东西,写出新的境界,不能人云亦云,老是重复那些已经熟滥的旧套。

      简析

        《城东早春》是一首七言绝句,抒写诗人对早春的热爱之情。此诗虽只有前半段第二句实写春色,而描写春色又只以柳芽一处,却概括了早春全景;后半段虽写仲春观花的惯常盛况,实际却更加反衬出早春的独特与诗人的慧眼。全诗语言精练,构思巧妙,对比鲜明,含蕴深刻,堪称佳篇。

      创作背景

        这首诗的具体创作时间不详。作者曾经在长安任职多年,历任太常博士、礼部员外郎、国子司业等职。此诗当是他在京任职期间所作。

      杨巨源

      唐代诗人。字景山,后改名巨济。河中(治所今山西永济)人。贞元五年(789)进士。初为张弘靖从事,由秘书郎擢太常博士,迁虞部员外郎。出为凤翔少尹,复召授国子司业。长庆四年(824),辞官退休,执政请以为河中少尹,食其禄终身。关于杨巨源生年,据方崧卿《韩集举正》考订。韩愈《送杨少尹序》作于长庆四年(824),序中述及杨有“年满七十”、“去归其乡”语。由此推断,杨当生于755年,卒年不详。

       

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      143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
      144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
      145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000857s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001279s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000725s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001035s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000713s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001020s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000783s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000911s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000874s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000701s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000789s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000836s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001041s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000845s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001253s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1217 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000891s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001011s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000710s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 1736 WHERE `id` = 1217 [ RunTime:0.002376s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000836s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001493s ]
      0.149618s