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      阮阅《眼儿媚·楼上黄昏杏花寒》盈盈秋水 淡淡春山
      发布日期:2024-04-07

       

      眼儿媚·楼上黄昏杏花寒
      阮阅〔宋代〕


      楼上黄昏杏花寒。斜月小栏干。一双燕子,两行征雁,画角声残。

      绮窗人在东风里,洒泪对春闲。也应似旧,盈盈秋水,淡淡春山。


      《眼儿媚·楼上黄昏杏花寒》为北宋阮阅所作。这首词运用白描与想象,上片写景,暗写人的情思;下片写人,有形有神,有心理刻划,虽然没有浓墨重彩的涂抹,却更显深情。

      译文及注释

      译文


      黄昏时登楼而望,只见杏花在微寒中开放,一钩斜月映照着小楼的栏杆。一双燕子归来,两行大雁北飞,远处传来断断续续的号角声。
      华美的窗前,一位佳人立于春风中,默默无语,闲愁万种。也应像往日一样,眼如秋水般清亮,眉似春山般秀美。

      注释

      阑干:即栏杆。
      画角:有彩绘的号角。
      绮窗:雕镂花纹的窗子。
      “盈盈”二句:谓佳人眼如秋水之清,眉如春山之秀。澹澹,水波动貌。

      名家点评

      李攀龙《草堂诗馀隽》云:对景兴思,一唱三叹,画出秋千春山图。又云:写景欲鸣,写情如见,语意两到。

      明·徐渭《淮海集》云:字字清丽,集中不多得。

      清·黄苏《蓼园词选》云:此久别忆内词耳。语语是意中摹想而得,意致缠绵中绘出,尽是镜花水月,与杜少陵“今夜郎州夜”一律同看。

      创作背景

        南宋胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话前集》卷十一录此词,谓阮阅“尝为钱唐幕官,眷一营技,罢官去,后作此词寄之”。胡与阮时代相及而稍后,其《丛话》即因际问《诗总》(后改称《诗话总龟》)而继作,于《前集》序中明言之。所云阮作此词情事,当可信。

      赏析

        起首两句以形象鲜明的笔触绘出了一幅早春图:春寒料峭,杏花初绽,绣楼栏杆,夕阳斜月。这是景物描写,它暗写了人物活动的时间、地点,为人物勾出了一个典型环境。联系上下文,读者从这环境烘托中可以看到:一位思妇在早春二月杏花初绽之时,迎着料峭的春寒,登上色彩绮丽的绣楼,倚在栏杆旁,看着落日晚霞飞舞、斜月冉冉升起。她静静地观看眼前景,默默地思念远方征人。这幽静、凄寒的典型环境,正暗暗地烘托出一个忧思难奈的人物情态。黄昏,指登楼时刻;杏花寒,谓登楼季节。据《花候考》,雨水这个节气中,一候菜花,二候杏花,三候李花,其时当二月。但这里兼有描写环境的作用,故而于清冷中显出幽美。词人独上层楼,极目天涯,无边思绪,自会油然而生。何况登楼之际,春寒料峭,暮色苍芒,一钩斜月,映照栏干,这种环境,多么使人感到孤单凄凉。下面三句,写登楼所见所闻。“一双燕子,两行征雁”,含意深长。燕本双飞,雁惯合群,特写“一双”、“两行”,反衬词人此际的孤独。耳边还传来城上的画角声,心情之凄楚,可以想见。上片写景,然景中有情,情中见人。

        下片由写景到抒情。此情是怀人之情,怀人又从悬想对方着笔。“绮窗”,谓雕饰华美的窗棂。唐王维《扶南曲歌辞》云“朝日照绮窗,佳人坐临镜”,把佳人与绮窗分作两句,意境优美;阮阅此词则将绮窗与人合并一起,径称“绮窗人”,语言更加浓缩,形象更加鲜明。仿佛词人从这熟悉的华美的窗口透视进去,只见其人亭亭玉立于春风之中,悄然无语。这里的“无语”,实际上就是深思:“春闲”,实际上是春愁。就中可以看出.窗内人是一个深于情的女子。结尾两句“盈盈秋水,淡淡春山”,渭佳人眼如秋水之清,眉似春山之秀。前面着以“也应似旧”…句,词情顿然跳出实境,转作冥想之笔。

        作者在上下阕的末三句分别写燕子成双,大雁成群,皆是实写所见。以秋水喻美人明眸,以春山状美人黛眉,则是作者想象的虚景。双燕、雁阵反衬出独身一人,秋水、春山突出词人对佳人的怀思。这两处的手法前人也用,并不新奇。但所用的章法结构极有意思。徐培均指出,歇拍“前两句对起,后一句单收,似《浣溪沙》的后片,形成不稳定感,易于过渡”。而结拍首句不对称,后二句对称,正好与歇拍相反。这种结构在韵律上有所更张,增加了全词的活泼感。▲

      阮阅

      阮阅(约公元1126年前后在世)字闳休,自号散翁亦称松菊道人,舒城(今属安徽)人。生卒年均不详,约北宋末前后在世。宋神宗元丰八年(1085)进士(榜名美成),做过钱塘幕官,自户部郎官责知巢县,宋徽宗宣和中任郴州知州。南宋建炎初,(公元1127年)以中奉大夫知袁州。致仕后定居宜春。初至,讼牒颇繁,乃大书“依本分”三字,印榜四城墙壁。郡民化之,谤四厅为无讼堂 。

       

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      144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
      145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001528s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.002442s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000909s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001328s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000861s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001699s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001217s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000949s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001262s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000968s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000889s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000923s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001904s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000579s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001261s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1225 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001210s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001333s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000824s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 1667 WHERE `id` = 1225 [ RunTime:0.002478s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000904s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001001s ]
      0.148732s