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      查慎行《舟夜书所见》微微风簇浪 散作满河星
      发布日期:2024-04-07

       

      舟夜书所见
      查慎行〔清代〕


      月黑见渔灯,孤光一点萤。
      微微风簇浪,散作满河星。


      《舟夜书所见》是清代诗人查慎行创作的一首五言绝句。此诗前两句写黑夜舟中见渔灯,茫茫黑夜只有河中一盏渔灯,明暗鲜明且显得神秘、深沉;后两句写孤灯倒影的美景,微风吹起波浪,灯影随即散开像散落在满河的星星。全诗纯用白描,以大景衬小景,以暗景衬亮景,刻画细腻,生动形象。

      译文及注释

      译文


      漆黑无月的夜里,孤零零的一盏渔灯像萤火虫一样闪现在河面。
      一阵微风吹来,河面漾起了层层细浪,水面上的光点随着波浪散开,如同满河星光。

      注释

      孤光:孤零零的灯光。
      簇:聚集。

      名家点评

      清华大学古典文献研究中心主任傅璇琮:这首五绝是作者白描之作的上品,简短四句写出舟夜小景。黑夜、渔灯、萤光、簇浪、河星之状,只有观察细致者才能道出,而且依着时间顺序来描绘,捕捉最紧要而又富有诗意的一刹那情景。前两句写静景,后两句写动景。渔灯的变幻,水静时似一点萤光,水动时似满河星星。由一点星光散作千万点星光,诗人何其兴奋,感情为之激荡,诗的意境更觉奇美、阔大。(《金元明清诗词》)

      中国古典文学专家、现代诗人霍松林:以大景衬小景,以暗景衬亮景,以一点化万点,展现深邃、宁静而富于变化的艺术境界,令人神往。(《历代好诗诠评》)

      中国诗学研究会常务理事蔡义江:这是一首纯用白描手法写成的小诗。诗中并没有什么特别新奇的景物,诗人所见的现象实在也是最普通不过的,但写出来仍不乏诗趣。第一句五个字,也许会令人想起杜甫《春夜喜雨》诗中“野径云俱黑,江船火独明”一联来。因为“月黑”之夜,一无所见,“渔灯”便成“孤光一点”了。远远看去,它就很像是一只“萤”火虫发出来的微光。忽然,微微风来,“簇”起水面的浪花,每一个涟漪都反射出这渔灯的光亮,所以再看时,又像这点“萤”光霎时间“散”开,化做“满河星”了。平常变成了奇妙。可见事物再普通、情景再细小,只要诗人善于捕捉并能从中找出诗来便是好的。(《绝句三百首》)

      赏析

        这首诗好似一幅速写,作者抓住了那倒映在水中的渔火化作满天星星的片刻,几笔勾勒,立即捕捉住了这转瞬即逝的景物。这首诗又好似一幅木刻,在漆黑的背景之上,亮出一点渔火,黑白对比,反差特别鲜明。

        前两句是静态描写,把暗色和亮色联系在一起,显得形象鲜明。

        第一句“月黑见渔灯”中“月黑”指的是月亮没有出来,天特别黑,不是说月亮是黑的。见(读xiàn),显现。孤光,孤单的亮光。萤,萤火虫,光亮微弱。意思说:一个没有月亮的晚上,天是那样黑。只有渔船上一盏围灯,孤零零闪着萤火虫一样微弱的光。第一句用“月黑”突出“渔灯”。

        第二句“孤光一点萤”,写如豆灯光像江岸边一点萤火,是意中之象,描写渔灯的形象。河面幽黑,只有孤零零的一点灯光闪烁着,仿佛是一只萤火虫在原野里发出微弱的光。“孤”表现了环境的寂寞、单调,寄寓着一定的感情色彩。一种茫然无奈的情感袭上诗人的心头。

        后两句为动态描写。不难想象,当诗人见到微风腾起细浪,灯影由一点散作千万这动人一幕的时候,心情是何等地兴奋。

        第三句“微微风簇浪”簇,拥簇,簇动。风儿微微吹来,水面拥起细细的波纹,再看那倒映在水中的“孤光”,四下散乱开了,顿时化作满河的星星,闪烁不定,令人眼花缭乱。这两句由静入动,描绘出一个十分生动神奇的画面。风簇细浪,浪散灯光,灯光化星,层层展开,引人入胜。“簇”字用得准确形象,既写出了风微,又刻画了浪动。

        第四句“散作满河星”犹如天外奇峰,劈空而来。那如萤的孤光,刹那间似乎变成万船灯火,点缀河中,又如风吹云散,满天明星,倒映水中,使这静谧的黑夜,单调的河面出现了意想不到的壮观。风吹浪起,簇起的每朵浪花,都把那如萤般的灯光摄进水中,有多少浪花,就有多少灯光。同时此句的描写为诗词增添了画面感,使枯燥无趣的文字能幻化出美丽浪漫带有一丝丝的安逸宁静的景象,使诗人流连其中。

        诗人细腻的观察是由上到下,由静到动的,写来又是那样井然有序,明暗互衬,静动相间,用字传神,联想奇特,构成一幅独特而又令人神往的舟夜渔火图,使读者得到一种精神上的愉悦和满足。▲

      创作背景

        本首诗的具体创作时间不详。是诗人在船上过夜时,写下的所见到的景物,所以题目叫做“舟夜书所见”。

      简析

        《舟夜书所见》是一首五言绝句,全诗描绘了一幅奇异美妙的河上夜景。此诗前两句写黑夜舟中见渔灯,茫茫黑夜只有河中一盏渔灯,明暗鲜明且显得神秘、深沉;后两句写孤灯倒影的美景,微风吹起波浪,灯影随即散开像散落在满河的星星。全诗纯用白描,以大景衬小景,以暗景衬亮景,刻画细腻,生动形象,体现了诗人对自然景色细微的观察力。

      查慎行

      查慎行(1650~1727) 清代诗人,当代著名作家金庸先祖。初名嗣琏,字夏重,号查田;后改名慎行,字悔余,号他山,赐号烟波钓徒,晚年居于初白庵,所以又称查初白。海宁袁花(今属浙江)人。康熙四十二年(1703)进士;特授翰林院编修,入直内廷。五十二年(1713),乞休归里,家居10余年。雍正四年(1726),因弟查嗣庭讪谤案,以家长失教获罪,被逮入京,次年放归,不久去世。查慎行诗学东坡、放翁,尝注苏诗。自朱彝尊去世后,为东南诗坛领袖。著有《他山诗钞》。

       

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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001082s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.004356s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001743s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.003370s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001611s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.002404s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001853s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002222s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002141s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002455s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001841s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002021s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.004124s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002636s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002908s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1238 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001459s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.003225s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001624s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2391 WHERE `id` = 1238 [ RunTime:0.005380s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002381s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001938s ]
      0.289600s