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      徐凝《庐山瀑布》今古长如白练飞 一条界破青山色
      发布日期:2024-04-27

       

      庐山瀑布
      徐凝〔唐代〕


      虚空落泉千仞直,雷奔入江不暂息。
      今古长如白练飞,一条界破青山色。


      《庐山瀑布》是唐代诗人徐凝创作的一首七言绝句。前两句描写瀑布从千仞高空飞流而下,雷奔人江的气势。后两句写瀑布奔流而下,一条白练把青翠的山色分隔开来,景象蔚为壮观。这首诗刻画精工,形象生动,色彩鲜明,只是前二句过于粗硬,为全诗减色。

      译文及注释

      译文


      瀑布如落泉般从高空笔直地倾泻而下,如雷轰鸣般奔涌入江海,没有片刻停歇。
      从古到今就像一条巨大的白练飞悬半空,划开青山浑然一体的苍翠之色。

      注释

      庐山瀑布:即指庐山香炉峰瀑布,香炉峰是庐山西北部高峰。
      虚空:即空中。
      落泉:比喻瀑布,泉本自地下上涌,它却从天上落下。
      千仞:极言其高,古代七尺或八尺为一仞。
      雷奔:如雷轰鸣般奔涌。
      暂息:片刻停歇。
      千古:自古到今。(今古 一作:千古)
      白练:白色熟绢。
      界破:划开。 

      名家点评

      宋代吴聿《观林诗话》:孙兴公《天台山赋》有“赤城霞起而建标,瀑布飞流而界道”之语,为当时所推。至徐凝作《庐山瀑布》诗云“一条界破青山色”,盖亦用瀑布“界道”之语,乃尔鄙恶。

      宋代龚颐正《芥隐笔记》:凝“一条界破青山色”句,白公称之,东坡以为尘陋,至称为恶诗。《天台山赋》:“瀑布飞流而界道。”目为恶诗,无所自耶?

      明代谢榛《四溟诗话》:诗有简而妙者,徐凝“千古还同白练飞,一条界破青山色”不如刘友贤“飞泉界石门”。

      清代黄叔灿《唐诗笺注》:与太白“疑是银河落九天”同一刻画。

      清代翁方纲《石洲诗话》:徐凝《庐山瀑布》诗“千古长如白练飞,一条界破青山色。”白公所称,而苏公以为恶诗。《芥隐笔记》谓本《天台赋》“飞流界道”之句。然诗与赋,自不相同,苏公固非探文之论也。至白公称之,则所见又自不同。盖白公不于骨格间相马,唯以奔腾之势论之耳。阮亭先生所以与白公异论者,其故亦在此。

      清代胡寿芝《东目馆诗见》:徐凝新隽,多摆脱处。自东坡憎其《庐山瀑布》“一条界破青山色”,谓是恶诗,人遂劣之。此诗只平直,何便至恶?乐天置张承吉取为解首,固独有心赏。

      创作背景

        徐凝在仕途上不得志时,便如李白等诗人一样寄情山水。他一生游历了不少名山大川,如庐山、天台山、武夷山、嵩山、三峡、钱塘江等,写下不少诗篇。《庐山瀑布》即为其一,约作于唐宪宗元和(806—820)年间。

      赏析

        这首诗首句写眼之所见,香炉峰瀑布由天空落下,直垂千仞,破空而来,气势雄伟。次句写耳之所闻,瀑布发出雷鸣般的响声,从“奔”字看出其连续不断,滚滚奔流,直泻江底。三句是上句的延伸,但不是想象,而仍是实写,从古至今瀑布都如柔软洁白的丝绸一样飘飞。上句有声,此句有色,形象鲜明,对瀑布极其叹赏。四句再写瀑布,一条瀑布把青山的颜色破分成两半。四句诗句句没有离开瀑布,先写瀑布的长,次写瀑布的声,三四句写瀑布的色,纯以形胜。最后以青山作衬托,衬出“白练飞”的“白”,给人以洁白的感觉。

        《庐山瀑布》这首诗,一二句的用语,近似于李白的诗的三四句。全诗也看不出庐山的特点,这是徐不及李之处。但是,两诗又各有千秋。李白的诗是通过此地瞬间的审美感受所引起的幻觉,将读者带入自由的艺术联想之中,让读者自己去寻味、去创造、去领略大自然所赐与的一派生机,去揣摩诗人所追求的自由的精神境界。那种个性色彩十分鲜明的浪漫主义诗情,那位远观瀑布的诗人的形象,都从字里行间凸现出来了。徐凝的诗却是以现实主义手法写的。他不是写瞬间感觉,而是通过写瀑布的纵横画面,来表达自己的思索。与其说他是在赞美“一条界破青山色”的“白练”,不如说他是在感慨源头泉水万世不竭,生命运动生生不息的真理。这从“千古长如白练飞”、“雷奔入江不暂息”两句诗可以体会到。一首诗给人以幻想,一首诗给人以思索,一首诗动之以情,一首诗晓之以理。这正是各有千秋,不可代替。

        如果作诗仅是反映,那么不同的人写同一条瀑布内容必然雷同。由于诗是表现不同审美主体的理想、情感、愿望、趣味的。因此,相同的景物才能表现出不同的美来。李白受道家审美意识的影响,追求自由不羁、潇洒超脱的美,所以庐山瀑布也染上了神话幻想的色彩,打上了他的精神烙印。徐凝看来是现实主义者,理性精神强烈,他观察自然时,也相应地思考着历史和人生的同异。所以他眼中的瀑布是虚空而落,奔流而去,“不舍昼夜”,像生命一样跃动,仅仅在历史的时间与空间里划破一道痕迹。因此,他对人生的得失采取了达观的态度,《庐山瀑布》就是徐凝精神的写照。▲

      徐凝

      徐凝,唐代(约公元八一三年、唐宪宗元和中前后前后在世)诗人,浙江睦州人,代表作《奉酬元相公上元》。《全唐诗》录存一卷。

       



      有才子曰:徐凝《庐山瀑布》今古长如白练飞 一条界破青山色

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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000785s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001821s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000990s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001630s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001473s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001150s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000755s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001035s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000887s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001059s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001615s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000983s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001063s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000606s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001851s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1268 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001134s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001208s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001242s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3211 WHERE `id` = 1268 [ RunTime:0.002632s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000799s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001499s ]
      0.163176s