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      张孝祥《西江月·阻风山峰下》满载一船秋色 平铺十里湖光
      发布日期:2024-05-08

       

      西江月·阻风山峰下
      张孝祥〔宋代〕


      满载一船秋色,平铺十里湖光。波神留我看斜阳,放起鳞鳞细浪。

      明日风回更好,今宵露宿何妨。水晶宫里奏霓裳,准拟岳阳楼上。


      《西江月·阻风三峰下》是宋代词人张孝祥创作的一首词。此词写了作者离开长沙途中被风雨所阻的情景,表现了词人面对困境时积极乐观豁达的人生态度以及对山水的热爱。上片写行船遇风受阻,泊舟山下的所见与感受,下片写停船后作者期待风向回转,天气变好,及时登程的心情。

      译文及注释

      译文


      满载着一船的秋色,行驶在广阔平展的江面上。水神有意留住我观看夕阳西下的美丽景色,吹起鳞鳞波浪,泛起波光,让我再不能行往远方。
      如果明日风向回转,天气变好,那么今夜露宿于此又有什么关系呢?阵阵波涛声好似龙宫中奏演的《霓裳羽衣曲》,准备明天在岳阳楼上欣赏洞庭湖的美景胜状。

      注释

      山峰:指黄陵山。(黄陵山在湖南湘阴县北洞庭湖边。湘水由此入湖。相传山上有舜之二妃娥皇、女英的庙,世称黄陵庙。词题一作“黄陵庙”。词句也稍有差异)
      鳞鳞:形容波纹细微如鱼鳞。
      更:<副>再;又。
      风回:指风向转为顺风。
      水晶宫:古代传说水中的宫殿。
      霓裳:即《霓裳羽衣曲》,唐代著名乐舞名。
      准拟:准备、安排。

      鉴赏

        《西江月·阻风山峰下》上片写行船遇风受阻,泊舟山下的所见与感受。

        “满载一船秋色,平铺十里湖光。”开头两句,写风尚未起时的风光。“一船秋色”由作者的感受着笔,勾勒出时令特征,引人遐想,可以想见,此时周围的山色浓郁苍翠,万物生机勃勃,开花的花朵艳丽,结果的果实累累;“十里湖光”写出湖面宽广坦荡。这两个对偶句用“满载”和“平铺”相对,将湖光和山色一并画出,前句说美丽的秋景尽收眼底;后句说无风时湖水平稳,远远望去,就象“平铺”在那儿。水光山色,交相辉映,船上人心旷神怡,其乐无穷。此二句纯属写景,而作者张孝祥欣悦之情尽在其中,即所谓景中有情。

        “波神”二句说,水神有意留住我观看夕阳西下的美丽景色,放起鱼鳞般的波纹。这是写的天气咋变,微风初起时的湖上景色,也是变天的前兆。有经验的船工势必要抛锚停舟,采取应急措施,因为这霞光辉映,“鳞鳞细浪”过后,将是范仲淹在《岳阳楼记》中描写的“浊浪排空”、“樯倾楫摧”的恶劣天气。这两句以幽默的手法写航船遇风受阻被迫停泊的情景,反衬出作者此时的心境十分安闲自在。用“斜阳”点明时间是傍晚,以“细浪”说明天气变化,要起风,皆是妙笔。

        《西江月·阻风山峰下》下片写停船后作者的心里活动。“明日风回更好”,写他期待风向回转,天气变好,及时登程的心情。“今宵露宿何妨?”“何妨”,犹言“有什么关系呢”,实际上是无可奈何的话,但也表现了他在迫不得已的情况下“露宿”时的旷达胸襟。“水晶宫里奏霓裳”,“水晶宫”,俗谓“龙宫”;“霓裳”,即《霓裳羽衣曲》,一支大型歌舞曲的名字。作者听到阵阵波涛声,奇特的想象油然而生,把水声比喻作龙宫的音乐。龙宫既然奏欢庆之乐,明日准是好天气,航船正常前进,“准拟岳阳楼上”,尾句设想,明天准能在岳阳楼上欣赏洞庭湖的美景胜状。

        《西江月·阻风山峰下》写航船遇风受阻的情景,写景、抒情,乃至对“明日”的设想,着笔轻松,无半点沮丧之处。全词语言浅易而意境幽雅,读来只觉作者张孝祥对山水无限热爱,却不见船遇逆风受阻的懊恼,这是此词的特色,作者张孝祥构思独到之处。

      创作背景

        公元1167年(在宋孝宗乾道三年)张孝祥当时正在知潭州(今湖南长沙市)。后改官离开湖南,乘舟北上,途经洞庭湖畔的黄陵山时,遇风受阻,于是写了这首词。《宋六十名家词》题作《黄陵庙》,个别语句亦稍有出入。

      简析

        此词描写词人离开长沙途中被风雨所阻的情景,表现了他面对困境时积极乐观豁达的人生态度以及对山水的热爱之意。上片写行船遇风受阻,泊舟山下的所见与感受;下片写停船后词人期待风向回转、天气变好,而能及时登程的心情。

      张孝祥

      张孝祥(1132年—1170年),字安国,别号于湖居士,历阳乌江(今安徽和县乌江镇)人,卜居明州鄞县(今浙江宁波)。南宋著名词人,书法家。唐代诗人张籍的七世孙。张孝祥善诗文,尤工于词,其风格宏伟豪放,为“豪放派”代表作家之一。有《于湖居士文集》《于湖词》等传世。

       



      有才子曰:张孝祥《西江月·阻风山峰下》满载一船秋色 平铺十里湖光

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      142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
      143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
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      145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001392s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.002411s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000914s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001127s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000831s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001265s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000685s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001003s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000906s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000933s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000910s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000890s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000971s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002411s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002427s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1273 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002921s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.002285s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001463s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3769 WHERE `id` = 1273 [ RunTime:0.003241s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001448s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002703s ]
      0.191730s