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      白居易《秋雨夜眠》晓晴寒未起 霜叶满阶红
      发布日期:2024-08-26

       

      秋雨夜眠
      白居易〔唐代〕


      凉冷三秋夜,安闲一老翁。
      卧迟灯灭后,睡美雨声中。

      灰宿温瓶火,香添暖被笼。
      晓晴寒未起,霜叶满阶红。


      《秋雨夜眠》是唐代诗人白居易的作品。此诗抓住特定环境中人物的性格特征进行细致的描写,成功地刻画出一个安适闲淡的老翁形象。前半部分从老翁在秋雨之夜就寝情况刻画他的性格,后半部分进一步描绘老翁睡醒之后的情况。全诗在一定程度上反映了诗人暮年政治上心灰意懒、生活上孤寂闲散的状况。

      译文及注释

      译文


      秋天的夜晚带着阵阵寒意,只有我一个老头安宁自在的在家。
      熄灯之后迟迟才躺下睡觉,在秋雨声中渐渐进入梦乡。
      烘瓶里的燃料经夜已化为灰烬,不得不起床加点火烘烤被子。
      早上天空晴朗,但寒气未消不想起床,只看到秋雨把霜叶打落得到处都是。

      注释

      三秋:指秋季。七月称孟秋、八月称仲秋、九月称季秋、合称三秋。
      安闲:安宁清闲,安宁自在的样子。
      宿(xiǔ):夜。瓶:烤火用的烘瓶。
      晓:拂晓,天刚亮的时候。
      阶:台阶。

      赏析

        此诗抓住特定环境中人物的性格特征进行细致的描写,成功地刻画出一个安适闲淡的老翁形象。前半部分从老翁在秋雨之夜就寝情况刻画他的性格,后半部分进一步描绘老翁睡醒之后的情况。全诗在一定程度上反映了诗人暮年政治上心灰意懒、生活上孤寂闲散的状况。

        “凉冷三秋夜,安闲一老翁”,诗人用气候环境给予人的“凉冷”感觉来形容深秋之夜,这就给整首诗抹上了深秋的基调。未见风雨,尚且如此凉冷,加上秋风秋雨的袭击,自然使诗人更感到寒气逼人。运用这种衬叠手法能充分调动读者的想象力,增强诗的感染力。次句点明人物。“安闲”二字勾画出“老翁”喜静厌动、恬淡寡欲的形象。

        “卧迟灯灭后,睡美雨声中”,“卧迟”写出老翁的特性。老年人瞌睡少,宁可闲坐闭目养神,不喜早上床,免得到夜间睡不着,老翁若不是“卧迟”,恐亦难于雨声中“睡美”。以“灯灭后”三字说明“卧迟”时间,耐人玩味。窗外秋雨淅沥,屋内“老翁”安然“睡美”,正说明他心无所虚,具有闲淡的情怀。

        以上两联是从老翁在秋雨之夜就寝情况刻画他的性格。诗的下半则从老翁睡醒之后情况作进一步描绘。

        “灰宿温瓶火,香添暖被笼”,以烘瓶里的燃料经夜已化为灰烬,照应老翁的“睡美”。才三秋之夜已经要烤火,突出老翁的怕冷。夜已经过去,按理说老翁应该起床了,却还要“香添暖被笼”,打算继续躺着,生动地描绘出体衰闲散的老翁形象。

        “晓晴寒未起,霜叶满阶红”,与首句遥相呼应,写气候对花木和老翁的影响。风雨过后,深秋的气候更加寒冷,“寒”字交代了老翁“未起”的原因。“霜叶满阶红”,夜来风雨加深了“寒”意,不久前还红似二月花的树叶,一夜之间就被秋风秋雨无情地扫得飘零满阶,这是运用了反衬的手法,表现了大自然的冷酷无情。从树木移情到人,从自然想到社会,令诗人深有感触。然而“老翁”却“晓晴寒未起”,对它漫不经心,突出了老翁的心境清静淡泊。全诗紧紧把握老翁秋雨之夜安眠的特征,写得生动逼真,亲切感人,富有生活气息。

      创作背景

        这首诗作于公元832年(唐文宗大和六年)秋,当时白居易任河南尹。诗人已六十多岁,体衰多病,官务清闲,且亲密的诗友元稹已经谢世。

      简析

        《秋雨夜眠》是一首五言律诗。此诗抓住特定环境中人物的性格特征进行细致描写,成功刻画出一个安适闲淡的老翁形象。前半部分从老翁在秋雨之夜就寝情况刻画他的性格,后半部分进一步描绘老翁睡醒之后的情况。全诗在一定程度上反映了诗人暮年政治上心灰意懒、生活上孤寂闲散的状况,写得生动逼真,亲切感人,富有生活气息。

      白居易

      白居易(772年-846年),字乐天,号香山居士,又号醉吟先生,祖籍太原,到其曾祖父时迁居下邽,生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动,世称“元白”,与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛,形式多样,语言平易通俗,有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年,白居易在洛阳逝世,葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世,代表诗作有《长恨歌》《卖炭翁》《琵琶行》等。

       



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      145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000793s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001129s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000751s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000975s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000686s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000979s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000903s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000785s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000759s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000807s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000847s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000821s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001077s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000803s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001163s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 19069 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001091s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000978s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000789s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 648 WHERE `id` = 19069 [ RunTime:0.002228s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000667s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000951s ]
      0.250763s