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      王维《送元二使安西》劝君更尽一杯酒 西出阳关无故人
      发布日期:2025-05-22

      送元二使安西

      王维〔唐代〕


      渭城朝雨浥轻尘,客舍青青柳色新。

      劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。


      《送元二使安西》是唐代诗人王维的诗作。此诗前两句写渭城驿馆风景,交待送别的时间、地点、环境气氛;后二句转入伤别,却不着伤字,只用举杯劝酒来表达内心强烈深沉的惜别之情。全诗以洗尽雕饰、明朗自然语言抒发别情,写得情景交融,韵味深永,具有很强的艺术感染力,落成之后便被人披以管弦,殷勤传唱,并成为流传千古的名曲。


      译文及注释


      译文


      渭城的早晨,一场春雨沾湿了轻尘,客舍周围柳树的枝叶翠嫩一新。

      老朋友请你再干一杯美酒,向西出了阳关就难以遇到故旧亲人了。


      注释


      安西:指唐代安西都护府。

      渭城:在今陕西省西安市西北,即秦代咸阳古城。

      浥(yì):润湿。

      客舍:旅馆。

      柳色:柳树象征离别。

      阳关:在今甘肃省敦煌西南,为自古赴西北边疆的要道。


      创作背景


        此诗是王维送朋友去西北边疆时作的诗,后有乐人谱曲,名为“阳关三叠”。元二奉命出使安西都护府,王维到渭城为之饯行,写下这首诗。


      赏析


        这首诗描绘的是一种非常普遍的离别情景。它没有特殊的背景,却充满了深深的依恋和牵挂。它适合于大多数离别场合,因此被纳入乐府,成为了广为流传、久唱不衰的歌曲。


        诗人抓住了送别时刻的一瞬间,使其成为了永恒。朋友即将远行,将前往边疆绝域的满地黄沙。此时一别,不知何日才能再见,千言万语无从说起,只能将依依惜别之情、所有的关怀与祝福融进一杯离别之酒中。


        “渭城朝雨浥轻尘,客舍青青柳色新。”这两句生动形象地写出了诗人对将要前往荒凉之地的友人元二的深深依恋和牵挂。诗的前两句描绘了春天的景象,却暗示了离别的悲伤。其中,“柳”和“留”谐音,是离别的象征,“轻尘”“客舍”也都暗示了旅行的目的,点出了送别的时间、地点和环境。后两句点明了主题是以酒饯别,诗人借分手时的劝酒,表达对友人深厚的情意。友人此行要去的安西,在今天的新疆库车县境,同时代的王之涣有“春风不度玉门关”的形容,何况安西更在玉门之外,其荒凉遥远可想而知。


        绝句在篇幅上受到严格限制。这首诗,对如何设宴饯别,宴席上如何频频举杯,殷勤话别,以及启程时如何依依不舍,登程后如何瞩目遥望等等,一概舍去,只剪取饯行宴席即将结束时主人的劝酒辞:再干了这一杯吧,出了阳关,可就再也见不到老朋友了。诗人像高明的摄影师,摄下了最富表现力的镜头。宴席已经进行了很长一段时间,酿满别情的酒已经喝过多巡,殷勤告别的话已经重复过多次,朋友上路的时刻终于不能不到来,主客双方的惜别之情在这一瞬间都到达了顶点。主人的这句似乎脱口而出的劝酒辞就是此刻强烈、深挚的惜别之情的集中表现。


        三四两句是一个整体。要深切理解这临行劝酒中蕴含的深情,就不能不涉及“西出阳关”。处于河西走廊尽西头的阳关,和它北面的玉门关相对,从汉代以来,一直是内地出向西域的通道。唐代国势强盛,内地与西域往来频繁,从军或出使阳关之外,在盛唐人心目中是令人向往的壮举。但当时阳关以西还是穷荒绝域,风物与内地大不相同。朋友“西出阳关”,虽是壮举,却又不免经历万里长途的跋涉,备尝独行穷荒的艰辛寂寞。因此,这临行之际“劝君更尽一杯酒”,就像是浸透了诗人全部丰富深挚情谊的一杯浓郁的感情琼浆。这里面,不仅有依依惜别的情谊,而且包含着对远行者处境、心情的深情体贴,包含着前路珍重的殷勤祝愿。对于送行者来说,劝对方“更尽一杯酒”,不只是让朋友多带走自己的一分情谊,而且有意无意地延宕分手的时间,好让对方再多留一刻。“西出阳关无故人”之感,不只属于行者。临别依依,要说的话很多,但千头万绪,一时竟不知从何说起。这种场合,往往会出现无言相对的沉默,“劝君更尽一杯酒”,就是不自觉地打破这种沉默的方式,也是表达此刻丰富复杂感情的方式。诗人没有说出的比已经说出的要丰富得多。总之,三四两句所剪取的虽然只是一刹那的情景,却是蕴含极其丰富的一刹那。▲


      简析


        《送元二使安西》是一首送别诗。此诗前两句描写渭城驿馆风景,交待送别的时间、地点、环境,烘托出清新舒朗的气氛;后二句转入伤别,却不着伤字,只用举杯劝酒来表达内心强烈深沉的惜别之意。全诗以洗尽雕饰、明朗自然的语言抒发别情,诗文情景交融、韵味深永,具有极强的艺术感染力。


      王维 


      王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘(jié),号摩诘居士。汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。天宝年间,拜吏部郎中、给事中。唐肃宗乾元年间任尚书右丞,世称“王右丞”。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。


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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001112s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001379s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001053s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001623s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000946s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001280s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000923s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001145s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001124s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000841s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001569s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000823s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001348s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000901s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001594s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 19144 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000919s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001425s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001135s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 1280 WHERE `id` = 19144 [ RunTime:0.002314s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002955s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001127s ]
      0.151068s