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      《碧湘门》城中烟树绿波漫,几万楼台树影间
      发布日期:2021-02-09
      碧湘门
      陶弼 〔宋代〕


      城中烟树绿波漫,几万楼台树影间。
      天阔鸟行疑没草,地卑江势欲沉山。
      人过鹿死寻僧去,船自新康载酒还。
      闻说耕桑渐苏息,领头今岁不征蛮。


      译文

      城市中树木繁茂,连绵的树叶就像铺漫着的绿色波浪,无数亭楼阁院就座落在这些树木中间。
      一行飞鸟在开阔的天空中渐飞渐远,就像消失在草丛中似的;这一带地势本来就低,远远望去,山峦仿佛要被淹没似的。
      军队已经把政权安定下来,现在可以去寺庙中和僧人闲聊了,商船从新康运回了酒酿。
      听说农业生产都已经逐渐恢复,首领决定今年不会出国征讨敌人。

      注释

      行(háng):行列。
      没:隐藏。
      卑:低下。


      赏析

        这首诗写的诗是诗人在门楼上凭高四望所见的景色,句句写远,却又始终未着“远”字,表现出形象描绘的高超技巧。

        “城中烟树绿波漫,几万楼台树影间。”两句展开一幅长沙城内的夏日风光图。画面的中心是树。登楼一望,远树如烟,故称“烟树”。万木葱茏,层层叠叠,如同水波浩荡,所以喻为“绿波”。“漫”本来是一个极为平常的字眼,用在这里却很新鲜,使人们清晰地看到,绿树如海,无所不在,仿佛不仅充满了整个长沙,并且正在漫溢出去。这就给人一种置身于无边浓绿之中的感觉。“几万楼台树影间”是进一步点染。“几万”,可见数量之多。如此众多的崇楼高台,却若隐若现于“树影”之间。这一衬托,这一装点,“城中烟树”的壮美景象就更加鲜明,也更富于立体感。

        “天阔鸟行疑没草”句把目光移向城外,着一“疑”字,意味深长地表明所写的是远望的错觉。鸟行最初出现在上空时,还需要仰视,而当渐渐地飞向远处,虽然实际上并未降低高度,但显得越来越低,仿佛是在贴地而飞,以至于没入草中。这里,“鸟行没草”是一个缓慢的过程,是动景,用以衬托“天阔”这一静景。因为没有“天阔”,就不见鸟行的远飞,也就决不会有这般错觉。此句以“天阔”领起,用意表现得很明显。

        古代诗人在表现空阔辽远的意境时,常常并不扫尽景物,而是有意用小小点缀加以衬托,如鲍照《芜城赋》:“直视千里外,唯见起黄埃。”《还都道中作》:“绝目尽平原,唯见远烟浮。”王维《使至塞上》:“大漠孤烟直。”等等。所以,如果作者仅仅配置几行飞鸟来反衬“天阔”,就缺少新颖之处,而他的匠心正在于写出了鸟行远飞、缓缓消失的过程,让读者进一步从时间的推移感受到空间的苍茫无垠。

        第四句写远望中的“江”,即湘江。王维《山水论》:“远水无波,高与云齐。”这一带地势本来就“卑”(低),与远水相形,如同陷进去一般,所以,就连那些山峦也仿佛要被淹没似的。“沉”是经过锤炼所得的诗眼。陶弼另一首《公安县》诗也有一句说:“远水欲沉城。”诗人重复使用这个字,用它来描写远水浩茫的情景,和王维《汉江临泛》中“郡邑浮前浦”的“浮”字异曲同工,意义相反的字眼同样真切地写出了水势之盛。“欲沉”,指将沉而未沉,既传达了远水浩茫给诗人的强烈主观感受,又恰当地把握住了描写的分寸。看似寻常却奇崛。

        在句法上,这首诗采用“对结”(后联对偶)格。这种结尾虽有对仗工稳之美,却易流于板滞,故较为少见。但作者用得自然贴切:前二句单行,合写一景;后二句对偶,分写二景。景物的层次通过句式的变化显得清晰,内容和形式和谐统一。▲


      陶弼(1015—1078)宋代诗人。字商翁,永州(今湖南省祁阳县)人。生于宋真宗大中祥符八年,卒于神宗元丰元年。年六十四岁。倜傥知兵,能为诗,有“左诗书,右孙吴”之誉。庆历中(1045年左右)杨畋讨湖南猺,授以兵,使往袭,大破之。以功得朔阳主簿,调朔阳令。两知邕州,绥辑惠养,善政甚多。进西上阁门使,留知顺州。交人袭取桄榔,弼获间谍,谕以逆顺,纵之去,终弼任不敢犯。神宗元丰元年(1078年)改东上阁门使,未拜,卒。弼的著作,本有集十八卷,今仅存《邕州小集》一卷,《四库总目》传于世。事迹见《豫章先生文集》卷二二《陶君墓志铭》。
       

      有才子曰:《碧湘门》城中烟树绿波漫,几万楼台树影间

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      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001411s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001226s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001396s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001205s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000740s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001770s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000914s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000993s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000774s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000958s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000771s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001043s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001074s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000837s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001148s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 469 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.006650s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.003117s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002160s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2659 WHERE `id` = 469 [ RunTime:0.003947s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001963s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001922s ]
      0.190568s