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      《丹阳送韦参军》丹阳郭里送行舟 一别心知两地秋
      发布日期:2022-10-26

       

      丹阳送韦参军
      严维 〔唐代〕


      丹阳郭里送行舟,一别心知两地秋。
      日晚江南望江北,寒鸦飞尽水悠悠。
       

      《丹阳送韦参军》是唐代诗人严维创作的一首诗。此诗通过描述作者送别友人途中的所见所闻,抒写了作者与友人离别前后的真挚感情。全诗造语清丽流畅,感情深挚自然,情景高度和谐,妙语连珠,余韵无穷,堪称唐人赠别诗中的精品。

      名家点评

      明代桂天祥《批点唐诗正声》:作诗妙处,正不在多道,如“日晚”二句,多少相思,都在此隐括内。

      清代吴烶《唐诗选胜直解》:首一句完题面,后三句递生出一江之隔,故曰“两地”,曰“南”“北”。“悠悠”则实写江水,送别之意渐深渐远,有味。

      清代宋顾乐《唐人万首绝句选评》:只一“望”字见意,末句转入空际,却自佳。

      近代俞陛云《诗境浅说续编》:临水寄怀,不落边际,自有渺渺予怀之感。 

      译文及注释

      译文


      在丹江外城边上送别行舟,今天一别我知道两地悲愁。
      天晚我仍站在江南望江北,乌鸦都已归巢只见水悠悠。

      注释

      参军:古代官名。
      丹阳:地名。唐天宝间以京口(今江苏镇江)为丹阳郡,曲阿为丹阳县(今江苏丹阳县)。二者地理位置相近。
      郭:古代在城外围环城而筑的一道城墙。
      行舟:表示友人将从水路离去。
      别:离别。
      日晚:日暮,此处暗示思念时间之久。
      江:长江。
      寒鸦:也叫慈乌,体型较小,背部为黑色。
      悠悠:长久遥远。


      赏析二

        这首诗写的是作者给韦参军送行以及送走后的情景,表现了他们之间的真挚友谊,无限思念的深情。

        诗的前两句是写送行。首句“丹阳郭里”交待了送行地点在丹阳的外城边。“行舟”表明友人将从水路离去。此时,千种离情,万般愁绪,一齐涌上诗人心头。“一别心知两地秋”,“秋”字,表面上写时令,实际上却是表达人的情绪。萧瑟的秋景增添了离情别绪。作者还巧妙地运用拆字法,以“心”上有“秋”说明“愁”。所以“两地秋”是双关语。

        诗的后两句写送走之后对韦参军的深切思念。“日晚江南望江北”这一句转接自然,不露痕迹地把前句抽象的离愁具体形象地表现出来。“江南”、“江北”,对比照应,突出了江水的阻隔。丹阳在江之南,“江南”──“江北”,既是友人行舟的路线,也是作者目送方向。“望”字传出思念之神态,忧思绵绵,“日晚”暗示思念时间之久,见出友情之深。由“望”自然而然地带出末一句“寒鸦飞尽水悠悠”。这一句写望中所见。通过环境气氛的渲染,表达作者的悠悠情思。由于思念,站在江边长时间的遥望着,秋日黄昏,江面上寒鸦点点,给人增添愁思。可是,就连这使人感伤的寒鸦此时此刻也“飞尽”了,只剩下悠悠江水流向远方。这一切给人以孤独、寂静、空虚的感触。“水悠悠”包含着无限思念的深情。

        这首小诗妙语连珠,情景交融,真切自然,既能把诚朴真挚的感情渗透在景物的描写中,又能在抒情中展现画图,做到辞有尽而意不尽。▲


      赏析

        江淹《别赋》说:“黯然销魂者,唯别而已矣!”古往今来,多少人为世间的“生别离”而浩叹、而惆怅。发而为诗,便出现许多传世的佳作。严羽说:“唐人好诗,多是征戍、迁谪、行旅、离别之作,往往能感动激发人意。”(《沧浪诗话·诗评》)因为这一类作品一般都感情真实充沛,极少造作,故最易打动人心。

        《丹阳送韦参军》是一首送别的好诗,它感情真挚深厚,造语清丽流畅,读之余味无穷。

        首句“丹阳郭里送行舟”,交代了送别的地点——丹阳的内外城之间,友人出行的方式——由水路乘船。古代城防有内外两道,内为城而外为郭。丹阳是江城,故郭里也能行船。

        次句“一别心知两地秋”,交代送别的时间——秋天。“一叶落而知天下皆秋”。“两地秋”之语,并不是说两地秋色有何不同,而是说同样秋色,而人已分两地。惜别之情,溢于言外。值得注意的还有句中隐含着的“愁”字。“愁”字可以被分解为“心”、“秋”两字,故诗人往往用“秋心”、“心上秋”之类的辞藻来暗指“愁”字。本句“一别心知两地秋”,明写秋而隐写愁,耐人寻味。

        第三、四句写别后的情景。“日晚江南望江北”,点明友人远行的方向——江北。兰舟已逝,离情难舍。天色向暮;连成群的寒鸦也纷纷飞尽,各自归入巢中。但是,诗人仍在江畔伫立,久久地凝望着友人离去的方向。“寒鸦飞尽水悠悠”,是望中之景,然而景中有情,情景交融,合为一体。友人远去,相见无期,鸟儿飞尽,无踪可寻。天地间显得多么空阔、多么寂寞。只有那无尽的江水在无言地流淌,恰如诗人心中无限的忧愁。

        补充:这首七绝是作者抒写他给韦参军送行以及送走之后的情景,表现了他们之间的真挚情谊。▲


      严维(生卒年未详),约唐肃宗至德元年前后(公元七五六年前后)在世。字正文,越州(今绍兴)人。初隐居桐庐,与刘长卿友善。唐玄宗天宝(742—756)中,曾赴京应试,不第。肃宗至德二年,以“词藻宏丽”进士及第。心恋家山,无意仕进,以家贫至老,不能远离,授诸暨尉。时年已四十余。后历秘书郎。代宗大历(766—779)间,严中丞节度河南(严郢为河南尹,维时为河南尉),辟佐幕府。迁余姚令。终右补阙。官终秘书郎。

       



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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000971s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001450s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000904s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001167s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000810s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001027s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000711s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000969s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000749s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000869s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000913s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000908s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000993s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000589s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001151s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 589 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000851s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000989s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000670s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2926 WHERE `id` = 589 [ RunTime:0.002344s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000655s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000734s ]
      0.153303s