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      柳宗元《早梅》朔吹飘夜香 繁霜滋晓白
      发布日期:2022-10-28

       

      早梅
      柳宗元 〔唐代〕


      早梅发高树,迥映楚天碧。
      朔吹飘夜香,繁霜滋晓白。
      欲为万里赠,杳杳山水隔。
      寒英坐销落,何用慰远客。
       


      《早梅》是中唐诗人柳宗元的一首五言古诗。前半盛赞梅花傲霜斗雪,凌寒独开,芳香四溢,暗喻诗人坚贞不屈、不与流俗合污的高洁品格;后半写诗人怀念远方友人,要折梅相赠而不能的神伤之情。全诗简朴、疏淡,含韵慰藉,表现了诗人对理想的追求。

      译文及注释

      译文


      早梅在高高的枝头绽放,远远映照着广阔的碧蓝天空。
      夜晚北风吹来阵阵花香,在浓霜中增添着洁白的光泽。
      想折一枝寄赠万里之外,无奈千里迢迢,山水阻隔。
      眼看寒梅即将零落凋谢,我将用什么去慰问远方的友人呢?

      注释

      发:开花。
      迥(jiǒng):远。楚:宗元所在永州,古属楚地。
      朔(shuò)吹:北风吹。
      滋:增加。
      万里赠:指捎一枝梅花赠给远方的友人。
      杳杳(yǎo):遥远。
      寒英:指梅花。坐:即将。销落:凋谢,散落。


      鉴赏

        在历代的诗词中,有不少咏梅之作。前半盛赞梅花傲霜斗雪,凌寒独开,芳香四溢,暗喻诗人坚贞不屈、不与流俗合污的高洁品格;后半写诗人怀念远方友人,要折梅相赠而不能的神伤之情。全诗简朴、疏淡,含韵慰藉,表现了诗人对理想的追求。

        “早梅发高树”,起句直写梅花,笔姿飞扬,醒人耳目。一个“发”字极富于神韵,不仅写出梅花绽开的形象,而且予人一种“能开天地春”(清人沈钦圻咏梅诗句)的生机蓬勃的感受,把早梅昂首怒放、生机盎然的形象逼真地展现在读者的眼前。其背景高远广阔的碧蓝的天空,不仅映衬着梅花的色泽,更突出了它的雅洁,不同凡俗。高树,既是实写,又是诗人心中意象的再现,自喻行高于时人,并与下旬“迥映楚天碧"紧相粘连,构成一幅情景融和的意境。避望楚天,辽阔无际,明净的碧空映照着早梅发出的光泽,使人感到梅花分外娴静高洁。这两句诗,言辞简洁,而情波荡漾,深寓着诗人对早梅的赞叹之意。诚如王国维所说, “以我观物,故物皆着我之色彩。”

        第一、二两句是描写梅花的外在之形,“朔吹飘夜香,繁霜滋晓白。”两句进一层刻画早梅内在的气质。尽管北风吹打,严霜相逼,而梅花仍然在寒风中散发着缕缕芬芳,在浓霜中增添着洁白的光泽。这两句诗一写“香”,一写“色”,集中地写出早梅傲视风霜,力斡春回的风格。“飘”字寓有四散的意思,王冕《墨梅》诗有“只留清气满乾坤”,用的也是这个意思。诗人咏梅,目的是为了抒怀,是为了言志。诗中梅花的品格也是诗人心灵的一种物化。

        诗的下面四句,由咏物而转入抒怀,进而推出新意。当诗人看到早梅绽放的时侯,不禁怀念起远方的友人来,于是借物抒怀:“欲为万里赠,杳杳山水隔。寒英坐销落,何用慰远客?”往事如潮,涌上心头。他极想攀折一枝寒梅,赠与友人聊以表达慰勉的情意。可是转念一想,千里迢迢,山水阻隔,这是无法如愿的。柳宗元被贬永州后,“罪谤交织,群疑当道”, “故旧大臣”已不敢和他通音讯,在寂寞和孤独中艰难度日的柳宗元是多么思念亲友们啊!于是想到折梅相送,可亲友们远在万里之外,是根本无法送到的。这里除了地理上的原因外,还有政治上的原因,他作为一个“羁囚”不能连累了亲友。透过字里行间,人们不难体会到诗人那种伥惘、不平之情。这两句诗,原是化用北朝陆凯《赠范晔》“折花逢驿使,寄与陇头人;江南无所有,聊赠一枝春”的诗意。都是叙写对故人的思念,但是两诗的情趣迥然不同,陆诗洒脱,柳诗沉郁。正是因为他们写诗时的处境和心情并不相同,情趣也就各异了。

        “寒英坐销落,何用慰远客?”两句诗是紧承上两句发展出来的,含有更深一层的意义。诗人意识到,由于关山阻隔,时日过久,梅花势将枯萎凋零,于是喟叹“我将用什么去慰问远方的友人呢?”。柳宗元从梅的早开早落联想到自己的身世,自己的境遇,不禁忧从中来。正因为忧其早开早落,所以柳宗元也是在自我勉励,自我鞭策。

        这首《早梅》语言平实质直,不事藻饰,意脉若隐若现,艺术美和人格美的融和合一,形式的质朴,感情的其淳,流露出来的诗人的高洁、孤傲的情志。诗人以早梅迎风斗寒,昂首开放的英姿,委婉地表达了自己正直无私的胸怀,显示出对理想执着追求的意志,表现了自己孤傲高洁的品格和不屈不挠的斗争精神。这首诗用简朴、疏淡的文辞刻画早梅傲立风霜昂首开放的形象,抒写诗人的情志,状难写之物如在眼前,含不尽之意见于言外,梅的风骨与作者的人格融为一体,含蓄蕴藉,感情深挚委曲,给人以很强的感染力。


      创作背景

        这首诗的具体创作时间不详。在“永贞革新”失败后,柳宗元被贬谪偏远落后的永州,但是他并未因为政治上遭受打击而意志消沉,相反的更加坚定了他对理想的追求。这首《早梅》诗就是在这种思想状况下写成的。


      柳宗元(773年-819年),字子厚,唐代河东(今山西运城)人,杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家,唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章,经后人辑为三十卷,名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人,人称柳河东,又因终于柳州刺史任上,又称柳柳州。柳宗元出身河东柳氏,与刘禹锡并称“刘柳”,与韩愈并称为“韩柳”,与王维、孟浩然、韦应物并称“王孟韦柳”。柳宗元一生留诗文作品达600余篇,其文的成就大于诗。骈文有近百篇,散文论说性强,笔锋犀利,讽刺辛辣。

       



      有才子曰:柳宗元《早梅》朔吹飘夜香 繁霜滋晓白

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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001034s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001304s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000998s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001316s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000806s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001271s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.002405s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000975s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000935s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001518s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001009s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000838s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001213s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.001217s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001568s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 591 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001096s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001232s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000948s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 4423 WHERE `id` = 591 [ RunTime:0.002496s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001906s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001065s ]
      0.157665s