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      刘长卿《送灵澈上人》苍苍竹林寺 杳杳钟声晚
      发布日期:2022-12-26

       

      送灵澈上人
      刘长卿 〔唐代〕


      苍苍竹林寺,杳杳钟声晚。
      荷笠带斜阳,青山独归远。(斜阳 一作:夕阳)


      《送灵澈上人》是唐代诗人刘长卿的诗作。此诗共四句,前两句写灵澈上人欲回竹林寺的情景,后两句写诗人目送灵澈上人辞别归去的情景,抒发了诗人对友人离别的伤感与依依不舍之情,表达了对灵澈的深厚情意,也表现了灵澈清寂的风度以及诗人虽然失意却闲适淡泊的情怀。全诗纯为写景,恍如图画,借景抒情,构思精致,语言精炼,素朴秀美,意境闲淡,是一首感情深沉的送别诗,也是一幅构图美妙的景物画,为唐代山水诗的名篇。

      名家点评

      近代文学家俞陛云《诗境浅说续编》:四句纯是写景,而山寺僧归,饶有潇洒出尘之致。高僧神态,涌现毫端,真诗中有画也。

      译文及注释

      译文


      遥望苍苍山林中的竹林寺,远远传来报时的钟响声。
      他戴着斗笠身披斜阳余晖,独自向青山走去,渐行渐远。

      注释

      灵澈上人:唐代著名僧人,本姓杨,字源澄,会稽(今浙江绍兴)人,后为云门寺僧。上人,对僧人的敬称。
      苍苍:深青色。竹林寺:在现在江苏丹徒南。
      杳(yǎo)杳:深远的样子。
      荷(hè)笠:背着斗笠。
      荷:背着。


      鉴赏

        这首小诗记叙诗人在傍晚送灵澈返竹林寺时的心情,它即景抒情,构思精致,语言精炼,素朴秀美,是唐代山水诗的名篇。

        “苍苍竹林寺,杳杳钟声晚。”这两句是说作者眺望苍苍山林中的灵澈归宿处,远远传来寺院报时的钟响,点出此时已是黄昏时分,仿佛在催促灵澈归山。诗人出以想象之笔,创造了一个清远幽渺的境界。此二句主要写景,景中也寓之以情。

        “荷笠带斜阳,青山独归远。”这两句就是写灵澈辞别归去情景。灵澈戴着斗笠,披带夕阳余晖,独自向青山走去,越来越远。“青山”即应首句“苍苍竹林寺”,点出寺在山林。“独归远”显出诗人伫立目送,依依不舍,结出别意。只写行者,未写送者,而诗人久久伫立,目送友人远去的形象仍显得非常生动。

        全诗表达了诗人对灵澈的深挚的情谊,也表现出灵澈归山的清寂的风度。送别多半黯然情伤,这首送别诗却有一种闲淡的意境,和作者的寂寞心情。

        精美如画,是这首诗的明显特点。但这帧画不仅以画面上的山水、人物动人,而且以画外的诗人自我形象,令人回味不尽。那寺院传来的声声暮钟,触动诗人的思绪;这青山独归的灵澈背影,勾惹诗人的归意。耳闻而目送,心思而神往,正是隐藏在画外的诗人形象。他深情,但不为离别感伤,而由于同怀淡泊;他沉思,也不为僧儒殊途,而由于趋归意同。这就是说,这首送别诗的主旨在于寄托着、也表露出诗人不遇而闲适、失意而淡泊的情怀,因而构成一种闲淡的意境。十八世纪法国狄德罗评画时说过:“凡是富于表情的作品可以同时富于景色,只要它具有尽可能具有的表情,它也就会有足够的景色。”(《绘画论》)此诗如画,其成功的原因亦如绘画,景色的优美正由于抒情的精湛。

        刘长卿和灵澈相遇又离别于润州,大约在公元769—770年(唐代宗大历四、五年)间。刘长卿于公元761年(唐肃宗上元二年)从贬谪南巴(今广东茂名南)归来,一直失意待官,心情郁闷。灵澈此时诗名未著,云游江南,心情也不大得意,在润州逗留后,将返回浙江。一个宦途失意客,一个方外归山僧,在出世入世的问题上,可以殊途同归,同有不遇的体验,共怀淡泊的胸襟。这首小诗表现的就是这样一种境界。▲


      创作背景

        这首诗是作者写傍晚时分,送灵澈返回竹林寺的途中所见所感。灵澈上人是中唐时期一位著名诗僧,俗姓杨,字源澄,会稽(今浙江绍兴)人,在会稽云门山云门寺出家,诗中的竹林寺在润州(今江苏镇江),是灵澈此次游方歇宿的寺院。


      刘长(zhǎng)卿(709—789),字文房,汉族,宣城(今属安徽)人,唐代诗人。后迁居洛阳,河间(今属河北)为其郡望。唐玄宗天宝年间进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史,苏州长洲县尉,代宗大历中任转运使判官,知淮西、鄂岳转运留后,又被诬再贬睦州司马。因刚而犯上,两度迁谪。德宗建中年间,官终随州刺史,世称刘随州。

       



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      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.033558s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.017897s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.015914s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.005941s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.010502s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.016247s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.005884s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.004480s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.013189s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.006941s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.009280s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.007008s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.003675s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.004489s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.008534s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 646 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.213817s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.003238s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001158s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2389 WHERE `id` = 646 [ RunTime:0.267578s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001246s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001817s ]
      2.175696s