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      丘为《左掖梨花》冷艳全欺雪 余香乍入衣
      发布日期:2022-12-26

       

      左掖梨花
      丘为 〔唐代〕


      冷艳全欺雪,余香乍入衣。
      春风且莫定,吹向玉阶飞。


      《左掖梨花》是唐代诗人丘为创作的一首五绝。此诗表达了诗人希望君主能知道梨花的优点,其实也就是诗人自己的优点,从而能使诗人实现报效国家的理想,表现了封建士大夫积极用世的心态。全诗把眼前景、胸中志融为一体,腾挪跳跃,不露斧凿之痕,在艺术上很有可取之处。

      名家点评

      明代李攀龙、叶羲昂《唐诗直解》:只是说得有情,寓意甚微。

      明代李攀龙、袁宏道《唐诗训解》:写意在彼。此咏梨花,而起近君子之想,岂始第而未擢用欤?

      清代唐汝询《汇编唐诗十集》:唐云:调响语秀,咏物之神品。

      清代吴煊、胡棠《唐贤三昧集笺注》:已开后人咏物法门。

      清代张文荪《唐贤清雅集》:寄意深婉,得力在一“且”字。

      近代俞陛云《诗境浅说续编》:此殆取喻之词。……王维亦有《左掖梨花》诗,借以寓意。并可见梨花之盛,故诗人以之入咏也。

      译文及注释

      译文


      梨花自然比白雪艳丽,清冷的样子也赛过雪花,它散发出的香气一下就侵入衣服里。
      春风请继续吹动它的花瓣,希望这美丽的花朵能飘落在皇宫大殿的玉石台阶上。

      注释

      左掖:指门下省。唐代的门下省和中书省,分别设在宫禁(帝后所居之处)左右两侧。
      掖(yè),旁边。
      冷艳:形容梨花洁白如雪,冰冷艳丽。
      欺:胜过。
      乍:突然。
      入衣:指香气浸透衣服。
      莫定:不要静止。
      玉阶:宫殿前光洁似玉的石阶。


      鉴赏

        此诗里用梨花的洁白形容诗人自己清廉的品德,用象征的手法表露了自己希望受到重视的心情。梨花的洁白人们素有所闻,梨花的清香在北方人也不陌生。左掖梨花,皇宫里的梨花,用来形容诗人,非常恰当。

        此诗起句的重笔落在“冷艳”二字上,“冷”字写出了梨花的冰肌玉骨,透出了一股逼人的凛然之气。以“冷”修饰“艳”,则写出了梨花的洁白晶莹,明丽脱俗,也就自必胜过平凡的白雪了。这句中的“白雪”既是比喻,更是衬托,衬托出了梨花超凡脱俗的美质。承句稍稍变换了角度,从比较静观地观察,到物我更深一层地交融。微风过处,那若有若无的清新花气,蓦地飘进衣巾,仿佛花香亦有情。梨花这样的芬芳多情,因此作者要寄语春风,莫让梨花自开自落、悄无声息,请把它吹向皇宫的玉阶去。

        中国古典诗歌受正统思想的影响,一般都难脱“言志”的窠臼,这首诗也不例外。首句看似写梨花的美质,实则暗寓自己过人的才华,高洁的品质。第二句与《古诗十九首·庭中有奇树》诗意相通,写怀高才而渴望遇明君。接下来转以春风喻皇恩,作者认为自己品质高洁,正如冷艳欺雪的梨花。结句暗示自己不甘冷落,希望得到皇帝的赏识和提拔,以实现自己的理想抱负。

        丘为是一位善写山水田园作品的诗人。山水派诗人写景写物自然有山水画一样的韵味。这里写洁白的梨花,是用白雪来比较,用实物体现对象的特质,在古诗词里比较常见,这里也是这样的。雪花的洁白似乎无物可比,连梅花也比不上,可诗人认为梨花的白就超过了雪花。也许这是诗人的骄傲所致,但是梨花的清高与超然到底是一见阳光就会融化的雪花有所不及的。诗人或许这样想,因为梨花太纯洁,太洁白,所以给人冷漠的印象,但这正是它可贵的地方,如果它让人觉得孤高了,那么它散发的幽香应该能弥补吧。所以诗人希望君主能知道梨花的优点,其实也就是诗人自己的优点,从而能使诗人实现报效国家的理想。春风在这里可以理解为是欣赏梨花的,用春风来比喻君主,也不是生僻的用法,使君主显得亲切了许多。▲


      创作背景

        诗题中的左掖,其实位于大明宫宣政殿左侧,因此被称为左掖,又在位置上与中书省相对,所以还被称为门下省,左省。这首小诗是作者在初春时节看到左掖前梨花怒放,情有所动,于是即景托物而写下的言志之作。



      丘为,苏州嘉兴人。事继母孝,常有灵芝生堂下。累官太子右庶子。致仕,给俸禄之半以终身。年八十馀,母尚无恙。及居忧,观察使韩滉以致仕官给禄,所以惠养老臣,不可在丧而异,惟罢春秋羊酒。卒年九十六。与刘长卿善,其赴上都也,长卿有诗送之,亦与王维为友。诗十三首。

       



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      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000842s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.002024s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000875s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001318s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001456s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001350s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001079s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001592s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000959s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000839s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000889s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001091s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001220s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000944s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002295s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 647 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000985s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001430s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000873s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2470 WHERE `id` = 647 [ RunTime:0.002601s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000829s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001030s ]
      0.151859s