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      苏轼《减字木兰花》莺初解语 最是一年春好处
      发布日期:2023-02-02

       

      减字木兰花·莺初解语
      苏轼 〔宋代〕


      莺初解语,最是一年春好处。微雨如酥,草色遥看近却无。

      休辞醉倒,花不看开人易老。莫待春回,颠倒红英间绿苔。


      《减字木兰花·莺初解语》是北宋文学家苏轼所创作的一首词。词的上片,先写黄莺啼叫,表明初春的美好,后借用韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外二首》中咏早春的名句“天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无”,把如画的春光美景生动地描绘出来。下片劝人尽赏春光,花盛开时要去欣赏,不要等到春天离开时落花纷乱夹杂着青苔,这时,春天已经失去了魅力。这首词警示人们要把握青春时光。这首词语言清新自然,又极其准确,生动地描绘了春草初长时从远近不同的空间距离上观看而呈现的不同景象。

      名家点评

      中原族史学术委员会秘书长谢钧祥:“以清新自然的语言,把早春美提炼为艺术美,描绘出一种素淡的、若有若无的、极难描摹的色彩,给读者以无尽的想象和美感趣味。”(《全宋词佳句精编》)

      译文及注释

      译文


      黄莺开始啼叫,这初春是一年中最好的季节;细雨蒙蒙,珍贵如油,滋润着草木,那刚刚长出的春草,远看一片嫩绿,近看却仿佛消失了。
      不要推辞会醉倒在这个季节,有花而不去看它开放,就意味着人生很快消逝。不要等待着春离开大自然,纷纷落花夹杂着绿色的苔藓。

      注释

      初:刚刚。
      解:能、知道。
      语:这里指莺鸣,娇啼婉转,犹如说话。
      酥:酥油。
      近却无:近看什么色彩见不到。
      休辞:不要推托。
      颠倒:纷乱。
      红英:落花。


      简析

        整首词可以这样理解:黄莺才刚刚懂得开口唱几句春天的歌,这是一年当中春色最好的时候吧。天空下着如酥的小雨,嫩嫩的草尖刚刚冒出地面,在微雨里,眼前觉察不到它的存在,只有遥远望去,才发现有一层的绿铺在地面。不要推辞会醉倒在这个季节。花是不经开的,人是容易老的。不要等到浓烈的春天回到大地时再触目伤怀,你我颠倒唏嘘、百般感慨在红英凋零、绿苔如茵之间。

        从词中“莺初解语”的“初”字,“微雨”的“微”字,“草色遥看近却无”等语句可以看出,词中所写的春天的最美好时节是早春(或初春)。这与韩愈原诗的意思相符。

        如果把春天分成早春、阳春、晚春的话,那么在花开花落的特征上,与人生的兴衰就有可比性。根据韩愈的意思,早春就是春天中最好的时令,苏轼采用了这一说,并且说要在这个时候“醉倒”,不要等待落花时节,触目伤怀,颠之倒之。那么,读者可以揣测:趁年轻时潇洒走一回,及时把握青春年华,珍惜一生中最好的时光,及时行乐,不要到年老时后悔颠倒,无所作为,就是作者所要表达的思想感情。▲


      创作背景

        《减字木兰花》约作于宋仁宗嘉祐八年(1063年)二月。东坡时年28岁。此时,东坡以覃恩迁大理寺寺丞。赴任途中,过宝鸡,重游终南山。其弟子由闻之,寄《闻子瞻重游终南山》诗,东坡次韵,并作此词以寄。


      鉴赏

        上片,写初春美好时光。第一、二句点明初春的时令:“莺初解语”;点明初春地位:“最是一年春好处”。接着三、四句就写初春美景:“微雨如酥,草色遥看近却无。”通过初春细雨滋润草根而转青色而转明丽这一细微变化,把如画的春光美景生动地描绘出来。尤其是“草色遥看近却无”,观察得极为细致,描写得极为逼真。因为远看刚刚返青的草芽,呈现青色;而近看草芽,则仍是黄色的了。这自然不是东坡的发现,早在唐代,韩愈就注意到了,并写进他的《早春呈水部张十八员外》诗中去了。诗写道:“天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无。最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。”东坡点化运用韩诗的传神之词句,用进上片,正好道出了初春的可贵,而又不露痕迹。

        下片,劝人尽赏春光。“休辞醉倒,花不看开人易老”,是说不要借“醉倒”沉醉之故,而拒绝去看春花。不看春花,就意味着失去了花会给人的青春活力,意味着时光易逝,人走向衰老。这是最大的人生误区。“人生易老天难老”。东坡的言辞中同样也充满了人生哲理。东坡曾说“人生何以易此乐,天下谁肯从我归。”何不改为“人生何以易此乐,及时看花春常归。”“莫待春回,颠倒红英间绿苔”,带有醒世之意的恒言。不要等到春离开人间吧。否则,将是“红英”纷乱地夹杂着“绿苔”而失去春的魅力。子由《闻子瞻重游终南山》诗一开头就说得好:“终南重到已春回,山木缘崖绿似苔。”▲



      苏轼,(1037年1月8日-1101年8月24日)字子瞻、和仲,号铁冠道人、东坡居士,世称苏东坡、苏仙,汉族,眉州眉山(四川省眉山市)人,祖籍河北栾城,北宋著名文学家、书法家、画家,历史治水名人。苏轼是北宋中期文坛领袖,在诗、词、散文、书、画等方面取得很高成就。文纵横恣肆;诗题材广阔,清新豪健,善用夸张比喻,独具风格,与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”;词开豪放一派,与辛弃疾同是豪放派代表,并称“苏辛”;散文著述宏富,豪放自如,与欧阳修并称“欧苏”,为“唐宋八大家”之一。苏轼善书,“宋四家”之一;擅长文人画,尤擅墨竹、怪石、枯木等。与韩愈、柳宗元和欧阳修合称“千古文章四大家”。作品有《东坡七集》《东坡易传》《东坡乐府》《潇湘竹石图卷》《古木怪石图卷》等。

       



      有才子曰:苏轼《减字木兰花》莺初解语 最是一年春好处

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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.003598s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.002986s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002688s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.004270s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002812s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.004185s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.003095s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002339s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002995s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.003432s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002387s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001957s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.003315s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.003631s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.005217s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 670 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003115s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.002926s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003374s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3774 WHERE `id` = 670 [ RunTime:0.008787s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003944s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002234s ]
      0.525542s