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      杜牧《鹭鸶》惊飞远映碧山去 一树梨花落晚风
      发布日期:2023-03-23

       

      鹭鸶
      杜牧 〔唐代〕


      雪衣雪发青玉嘴,群捕鱼儿溪影中。
      惊飞远映碧山去,一树梨花落晚风。


      《鹭鸶》是唐代诗人杜牧创作的一首七言绝句。这是一首咏物诗,这首诗的第一句写鹭鸶的外形特点,第二句写鹭鸶捕鱼的情景,第三、四两句,描绘了它们惊飞远去的美丽而生动的画面。这首诗多处运用比喻,新颖独特,别具匠心,诗写得清幽柔美,富有诗情画意。

      名家点评

      佛山大学教授李克和:鲁迅说,志士也不见得一天到晚阴沉着脸忧国忧民。古文化人讲求天人合一,讲究的其实是向大自然汲取生命力。青山耸立,绿水奔流,白鹭群飞,景物动静合宜,色彩搭配美妙,竟使杜牧想到“一树梨花落晚风”。够潇洒,够缤纷,何况梨花意象还带着春天气息——春天是万物欣欣向荣的时节啊!(《昨夜星辰》)

      译文及注释

      译文


      鹭鸶身穿雪白的衣裳,生有雪白的头发和青玉一样的嘴巴。它们成群地在溪中捕鱼,美丽的身形倒映在清澈的溪水中。
      突然,他们因为受惊而飞起,背衬着碧绿的山色,向远方飞去,那洁白的身影,宛如朵朵梨花飘舞在晚风之中。

      注释

      鹭鸶:此指白鹭,羽毛为白色,腿很长,能涉水捕食鱼、虾等。
      青玉:蓝绿色的玉。
      群捕:许多只鹭鸶在一起捕食。溪影:溪中的影子,形容溪水清澈。
      碧山:指山色青绿。
      落晚风:在晚风中飘落,随晚风飞舞。


      创作背景

        这首诗具体创作年代已不详。从诗的内容看,诗人被晚风中的白鹭迷住了,从而触景生情,创作了这首诗。


      赏析

        “雪衣雪发青玉嘴,群捕鱼儿溪影中。”开首两句,并不是什么特殊的赞语,而是通俗朴白的写实,然而就是这样一落笔,一群“雪衣公子”洁白美丽的形象,夕阳西下,蔽于溪影之中待机捕食鱼、虾的习性和机智,却全被描绘出来了,同时,诗人的迷恋之情也寓于其中了。白鹭那洁白的羽毛很美,故有“雪衣”、“雪衣公子”的美称。诗人正是被白鹭的这一特色所吸引,所以从这里切人表现白鹭的精神,表达自己的迷恋之情。而两个“雪”字的连用突出的是白鹭的“形”,其“神”尚未现,诗人巧妙地把它放在惊飞远去的情景中精心描绘,以

        “碧山”相托,以“梨花”比喻,笔触空灵,而白鹭的精神也就显露出来了。第三、四句:“惊飞远映碧山去,一树梨花落晚风。”一个“惊”字,便把眼前之景推向了远处,顺势以“碧山”映衬出飘然远去的白鹭,而这群飘飞的白鹭又装点了青绿色的远山。山青鹭白,晚霞渐逝,这是一幅优美的图画。真是情景交融、自然浑成。可是,诗人并没有满足于此,他接着展开想像的翅膀,好像暗暗地问了自己一句:“远映碧山”的点点白鹭究竟像什么呢?哦,像雪白的梨花在静谧而轻轻的晚风中飘然落下的美妙景象!

        这首诗的前两句写鹭鸶溪中捕鱼,朴白平实,似无余味,其实为后边的惊飞远去营造了气势。“一树”承“群捕”,“梨花”应“雪”字,读来晓畅自然,无一点造作之感。这首诗在许多咏鹭诗中别具一格,而且它的最后两句也可以说是咏鹭诗中的名句。后人的一些咏鹭名句,如元代顾瑛的“白鸟群飞烟树末,青山都在雪花中”(《泊垂虹桥口占》)、清代郑板桥的“忽漫鹭鸶惊起去,一痕青雪上西山”(《潍县竹枝词四十首》)等,很可能就是受了杜牧的影响创作的。▲


      杜牧(公元803-约852年),字牧之,号樊川居士,汉族,京兆万年(今陕西西安)人,唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”,以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅,故后世称“杜樊川”,著有《樊川文集》。

       



      有才子曰:杜牧《鹭鸶》惊飞远映碧山去 一树梨花落晚风

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      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.007956s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.003489s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.006016s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.005963s ]
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      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.004810s ]
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      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.007401s ]
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      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001888s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.005049s ]
      0.961832s