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      辛弃疾《行香子·三山作》好雨当春 要趁归耕 况而今 已是清明
      发布日期:2023-04-05
      行香子·三山作
      辛弃疾 〔宋代〕


      好雨当春,要趁归耕。况而今、已是清明。小窗坐地,侧听檐声。恨夜来风,夜来月,夜来云。
      花絮飘零。莺燕丁宁。怕妨侬、湖上闲行。天心肯后,费甚心情。放霎时阴,霎时雨,霎时晴。

       

      《行香子·三山作》是宋代词人辛弃疾所写的一首词。上片写盼望及早归耕而不得的急躁不耐之心情,下片写预想盼到“天心肯后”的欣喜心情。全词以阴晴难测的初春天气比喻当时的政治形势和自己的矛盾心境,表达了倦游思归的愿望。

      名家点评

      近代思想家、政治家、教育家梁启超《稼轩年谱》:“此词除发端三句直说归意之外,其余都用比兴手法,意内言外,纡曲深婉。

      译文及注释

      译文


      识趣的好雨当春发生,我要趁这时令回家躬耕,何况现在已经到了清明。我独自闷坐在小窗边,侧耳倾听檐间的滴水声。可恨夜晚一会刮起大风,一会儿升上明月,一会儿铺满乌云。
      落花飞絮在风雨中飘零,黄莺燕子再三对我叮咛,怕妨碍我到湖畔闲行。只要天意允许我在湖边漫步,我又何必这样烦闷操心。但我担心老天爷放任天气一霎时便阴沉,一霎时下雨,一霎时又晴。

      注释

      “好雨”四句:表达归耕退志心情急迫。以当春好时节,清明过了即暮迟的递进方式抒发。趁:指趁“好雨当春”时节。
      侬:你,指词人。
      天心:上天之心,此喻朝廷意向。
      霎时:犹言一霎儿。李清照《行香子》词:“甚霎儿晴,霎儿雨,霎儿风。”


      赏析

        发端三句,直道思归之愿,文义十分明显。“小窗”二句,叙写听雨情状,为下文借自然物象抒情作一引导。上片第三个层次以一个感情色彩极浓的“恨”字贯串“夜来风,夜来月,夜来云”三句,以春夜阴晴无定、变幻莫测的天象,喻示自己受尽了朝中及地方官场小人的谗谤迫扰,已不堪忍受。

        下片头三句先以清明后春事阑珊、花柳飘零比喻政治上的好时光已白白过去,次以莺燕叮咛之语暗示自己尚受到种种牵制,未必能自由归去。“天心”句至末尾是最后一个抒情层次,说是只要皇帝批准了,事情就好办;然而君心难测,就如自然界忽风忽雨,忽阴忽晴,令人捉摸不透,真叫人闷杀。

        全篇以比兴为主,抒情婉转曲折。意在言外,代表了稼轩词的另一种风格。


      创作背景

        宋光宗绍熙五年(公元1178年)春,作者正在福州知州兼福建安抚使任上。从去年冬天至现在,他曾屡次上书求归,但是朝廷对他始终没有明确答复。他猜测朝廷政治气候的变化,他对于君威难测深有感受。于是在清明节春雨未晴、风云不定的气候中,写下了这首明志与抒愤的词。


      辛弃疾(1140年5月28日-1207年10月3日),原字坦夫,后改字幼安,中年后别号稼轩,山东东路济南府历城县(今山东省济南市历城区)人。南宋官员、将领、文学家,豪放派词人,有“词中之龙”之称。与苏轼合称“苏辛”,与李清照并称“济南二安”。辛弃疾出生时,中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军,不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》,条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情,倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤,对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责;也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词,风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合,后被弹劾落职,退隐江西带湖。

      有才子曰:辛弃疾《行香子·三山作》好雨当春 要趁归耕 况而今 已是清明

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      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000922s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000884s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000746s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001196s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000730s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001303s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 727 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001527s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001199s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000829s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3241 WHERE `id` = 727 [ RunTime:0.002530s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000889s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001043s ]
      0.185569s