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      苏轼《东栏梨花》惆怅东栏一株雪 人生看得几清明
      发布日期:2023-04-13

       

      东栏梨花
      苏轼 〔宋代〕


      梨花淡白柳深青,柳絮飞时花满城。
      惆怅东栏一株雪,人生看得几清明。


      《东栏梨花》是宋代文学家苏轼的诗作。此诗前二句写春末夏初梨花盛开、柳叶飘飞的情状,后二句抒发了诗人内心的惆怅以及感叹美景易逝、人生短促的愁情,也流露出淡看人生、从失意中得到解脱的思想情感。全诗语言质朴自然,却涵蕴甚深,引人深思。

      名家点评

      宋代洪迈《容斋随笔》卷十五:“(张耒)好诵东坡《梨花》绝句,……每吟一过,必击节叹赏不能已,文潜盖有省于此云。” 

      清代俞樾《湖楼笔谈》卷五:(郎瑛认为,既云“梨花淡白”,又云“一株雪”,重言相犯,主张改“梨花淡白’为‘桃花烂熳”)“此真强作解事者!首句‘梨花淡白’即本题也,次句‘花满城’本承‘梨花淡白’而言。若易首句为‘桃花烂熳’,则‘花满城’当属桃花,与‘惆怅东栏一株雪’了不相属,且是咏桃花,非复咏梨花矣。此等议论,大是笑柄。” 

      清高宗敕编《唐宋诗醇》卷三十五:“浓至之情,偶于所见发露,绝句中几与刘梦得争衡。”

      译文及注释

      译文


      如雪般的梨花颜色淡淡,柳树已长得郁郁葱葱,柳絮飘飞的时候梨花也已开满城。
      我心绪惆怅,恰如东栏那一株白如雪的梨花,居俗世而自清,又有几人能看透这纷杂的人生。

      注释

      东栏:指诗人当时庭院门口的栏杆。
      柳深青:意味着春意浓。
      柳絮:柳树的种子。有白色绒毛,随风飞散如飘絮,因以为称。
      雪:这里喻指梨花。
      清明:清澈明朗。


      赏析

        《东栏梨花》为北宋诗人苏轼所做七言绝句。这首诗抒发了诗人感叹春光易逝,人生短促之愁情;也抒发了诗人淡看人生,从失意中得到解脱的思想感情,让人们感受到了“人生苦短”,引人深思。

        首句以“淡白”状梨花,以深青状柳叶,以柳青衬梨白,可谓是一青二白。梨花的淡白,柳的深青,这一对比,景色立刻就鲜活了,再加上第二句的动态描写:满城飞舞的柳絮,真是“春风不解禁杨花,蒙蒙乱扑行人面”,同时柳絮写出梨花盛开的季节,春意之浓,春愁之深,更加烘托出来。

        前两句以一青二白,突出了梨花的特点。它不妖艳,也不轻狂的神态,又在第三句“一株雪”里再次赋予梨花以神韵,并把咏梨花与自咏结合了起来。其实,这“一株雪”正是诗人自己的化身。因为苏轼一生正道直行,清廉洁白,坦荡如砥。 在咏梨花时,苏轼用了“柳絮飞时花满城”来加以衬托,梨花既不像“颠狂柳絮随风去”,也不像“轻薄桃花逐水流”,其品格是何其高尚的。诗人还用了“人生看得几清明”来加以侧面烘托梨花之“清明”。“一株雪”和“几清明”是对偶的写法,一不是指有一株梨树,而是指一株梨树一个作者自己,后两句意境如下:作者惆怅的站在东栏旁,梨树上满是白色的梨花,同时柳絮在飘,落在作者身上,作者也变成了“一株雪”,写的是凄清惆怅的意境,最后一句,人生看得几清明,人生能有几次清明,这是补足前句“惆怅”的内容,更增添悲凉的气氛。苏轼的诗,一向以豪放著称,像这样悲凉的很是少见。

        诗人完成这首诗已年届不惑,翻来覆去也才只看过了40个清明,心中无法揣测还有几度梨花可看。清明年年如期而至,梨花岁岁伴着漫天飘扬的柳絮,而如寄的人生则只有一个盛年,诚如作者在另一首诗中所叹:“梦里青春可得追?”这正是这首梨花诗深藏着的绵绵不尽的情思,它寄托了作者的人生感悟,是他清明人生细腻而真实的写照。


      创作背景

        此诗是四十一岁的诗人于公元1077年(北宋熙宁十年)所作。公元1076年(熙宁九年)冬天,苏轼离开密州(今山东潍坊诸城),接任苏东坡密州知府职位的是孔宗翰。第二年春天,苏轼到徐州赴任,写了五首绝句给孔宗翰。这是其中的一首。


      苏轼,(1037年1月8日-1101年8月24日)字子瞻、和仲,号铁冠道人、东坡居士,世称苏东坡、苏仙,汉族,眉州眉山(四川省眉山市)人,祖籍河北栾城,北宋著名文学家、书法家、画家,历史治水名人。苏轼是北宋中期文坛领袖,在诗、词、散文、书、画等方面取得很高成就。文纵横恣肆;诗题材广阔,清新豪健,善用夸张比喻,独具风格,与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”;词开豪放一派,与辛弃疾同是豪放派代表,并称“苏辛”;散文著述宏富,豪放自如,与欧阳修并称“欧苏”,为“唐宋八大家”之一。苏轼善书,“宋四家”之一;擅长文人画,尤擅墨竹、怪石、枯木等。与韩愈、柳宗元和欧阳修合称“千古文章四大家”。作品有《东坡七集》《东坡易传》《东坡乐府》《潇湘竹石图卷》《古木怪石图卷》等。

       



      有才子曰:苏轼《东栏梨花》惆怅东栏一株雪 人生看得几清明

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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000676s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001428s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000779s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001218s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000940s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001283s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000809s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000999s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000907s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000798s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000814s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000943s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001484s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000712s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001185s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 736 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000929s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001046s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000775s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2348 WHERE `id` = 736 [ RunTime:0.002263s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000761s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000766s ]
      0.157016s