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      元好问《临江仙·自洛阳往孟津道中作》今古北邙山下路 黄尘老尽英雄
      发布日期:2023-05-13

       

      临江仙·自洛阳往孟津道中作
      元好问〔金朝〕


      今古北邙山下路,黄尘老尽英雄。人生长恨水长东。幽怀谁共语,远目送归鸿。

      盖世功名将底用,从前错怨天公。浩歌一曲酒千钟。男儿行处是,未要论穷通。


      《临江仙·自洛阳往孟津道中作》是金朝词人元好问创作的一首词。该词上片触景兴感,重在抒情,在志士悲慨之中,流露出孤寂之感。下片重在说理,既表现他以英雄自许,渴望建功立业的情怀,又表明他面对现实,在无可奈何中,聊以旷达自遣苦闷。全词通过寓情于景的手法,借“地”兴怀,由北邙山这一特定地点,引出吊古伤今之情,抒发了作者对“今古英雄”怀才不遇的感慨。

      译文及注释

      译文

      古往今来北邙山下的道路,黄尘滚滚不知老尽了多少英雄。人生令人遗憾的事情太多,就像那东逝的江水,永无尽头。心中的苦痛能和谁说,放眼把空中的归雁远送。
      那举世显赫的功名有什么用?过去实在是错怪了天公。放声高唱一曲饮尽千杯酒。身为男子汉,关键在于言行的正确性,而不是以困厄与显达来论定成败。

      注释

      临江仙:词牌名,原为唐代教坊曲名。格律俱为平韵格,双调小令,字数有五十二字、五十四字、五十八字、五十九字、六十字、六十二字六种。常见者全词分两片,上下片各五句,三平韵。
      孟津: 黄河渡口名。在今河南孟津县东,洛阳东北。
      北邙(máng)山:即邙山,在洛阳北,黄河南。王公贵胄多葬于此。
      黄尘: 指岁月时光。
      幽怀: 隐藏在内心的情感。
      底:何,什么。
      浩歌: 放声高歌,大声歌唱。
      钟: 同盅。
      行处: 做官或退隐。
      穷通: 穷困与显达。


      创作背景

        该词作于公元1222年(金元光元年),元好问时年33岁。他于前一年中进士,虽有志于世,以气节自许,无奈蒙古南侵,边疆日蹙,纪纲大坏,亡征已见。当国者无意恢复,只图苟安。理想与现实、希望与失望,交织胸中,于是有这首述怀之作。

      名家点评

      重庆师范学院中文系教授谢真元、重庆师范大学文学与新闻学院教授陈忻《中国古代豪放词曲评注》:该词大起大落,上片抒功业难成之悲,归结为“人生长恨水长东。”,下片出以高歌饮酒的放达。“男儿行处是,未要论穷通”,是旷达语,也是愤激不平之语。全词语言本色,意境壮阔而悲凉。

      赏析

        该词上片触景兴感,重在抒情,在志士悲慨之中,流露出孤寂之感。下片重在说理,既表现他以英雄自许,渴望建功立业的情怀,又表明他面对现实,在无可奈何中,聊以旷达自遣苦闷。全词通过寓情于景的手法,借“地”兴怀,由北邙山这一特定地点,引出吊古伤今之情,抒发了作者对“今古英雄”怀才不遇的感慨。

        该词上片以回顾历史起句,拢“今古英雄”于笔端,词人将自己的感情融于历史长河,写出了滔滔不尽、起伏跌宕的痛惜与感伤。“远目送归鸿”的意象,动静结合,相辅相成,动的是归鸿的悠悠远去,静的是词人凝重的望眼;飞去的是天空的鸿雁,搅起的是满腔的幽怨。该词描绘出了一幅凄凉而又充满美感,谐调而又扣人心弦的画面。鸿雁飞,鸿雁归,人将何处回?词人的感情随着这激荡人心的画面盘旋弥漫,感人至深。

        下片强压“长恨”浩歌放饮的意象,是“抽刀断水水更流”式的自我宽解,词人的郁愤欲盖而弥彰,显得蕴藉而深远,更加挥之不去,难以摆脱。词人身处江河日下的时代,又遭“莫须有”的诘难,心中的郁愤自不待言。词作通过描写阔大的意象,以辽阔显苍凉,以浩歌掩感伤,词人内心的矛盾与痛苦可想而知。

        全词开篇写景,景即眼中所见:北邙山上的坟墓;黄尘路上奔波到老的英雄;春北飞秋南归的大雁以及日日奔腾的东流水,景物选取由近及远,然后由写景转入抒情,此景引起的是作者内心的无限惆怅,因此词人低吟出“人生长恨水长东”的词句。再由抒情转入下片的议论:对人生短暂的无可奈何和对未来的玩世安排,水到渠成汩汩而出。“盖世功名将底用,从前错怨天公。”是词人纵观自然及人事沧桑,感情经过激烈碰撞后得出的人生结论,不无哲理意义,它涵盖了封建社会大多数读书人的生活道路和人生体味,起到了一种生活教科书作用。


      元好(hào)问(1190年8月10日—1257年10月12日),字裕之,号遗山,世称遗山先生。太原秀容(今山西忻州)人。金代著名文学家、历史学家。元好问是宋金对峙时期北方文学的主要代表、文坛盟主,又是金元之际在文学上承前启后的桥梁,被尊为“北方文雄”、“一代文宗”。他擅作诗、文、词、曲。其中以诗作成就最高,其“丧乱诗”尤为有名;其词为金代一朝之冠,可与两宋名家媲美;其散曲虽传世不多,但当时影响很大,有倡导之功。有《元遗山先生全集》、《中州集》。

       



      有才子曰:元好问《临江仙·自洛阳往孟津道中作》今古北邙山下路 黄尘老尽英雄

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      142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
      143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
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      145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
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      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.003054s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.002140s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001695s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001942s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001159s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.002841s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.002693s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001643s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001375s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002152s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001781s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001326s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.002552s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002055s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001827s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 758 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001224s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001188s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000875s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2369 WHERE `id` = 758 [ RunTime:0.002161s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000772s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000879s ]
      0.528360s