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      项鸿祚《清平乐·池上纳凉》水天清话 院静人销夏
      发布日期:2023-07-11

       

      清平乐·池上纳凉
      项鸿祚〔清代〕


      水天清话,院静人销夏。蜡炬风摇帘不下,竹影半墙如画。

      醉来扶上桃笙,熟罗扇子凉轻。一霎荷塘过雨,明朝便是秋声。


      《清平乐·池上纳凉》是清代词人项鸿祚所作的一首词。这首词描写的是夏日的夜晚,词人在庭院荷塘边乘凉消暑的闲适场景。上片写夜的宁静清幽。下片刻画乘凉时的心情。夏末纳凉,临水扶醉,听荷塘一阵雨过,想到过了今夜,这声音即将变作秋声。自是词人体物感时情怀,然于闲适中亦微含愁意。词人善于以传神之笔,抓住刹那间的愁情,描绘出如画的境界。语言风格清新自然、爽朗工致。

      名家点评

      近代词人谭献《箧中词》:荡气回肠,一波三折,幽艳哀断。 [2]

      苏州大学教授钱仲联《清词三百首》:上片写景,善于以动写静。竹是静境,而从烛光闪处出现在半墙的竹影摇动来显示自然的画面。下片写纳凉的生活。荷塘点明池上,雨是无情的,一番雨过,明朝便将出现花叶败落,一派秋声的萧条景象了。秋声是预拟的,这一结尾,是作者哀怨心态的表露。而作者此词,还是早期作品,写在道光初年。王朝走向下坡的脉搏,却已不难在此诊出。

      译文及注释

      译文


      水天一色一片清静凉爽气息,庭院中静悄悄的人们都在纳凉消夏。门帘高卷清风摇动着室内的蜡烛,竹影婆娑映照墙上就像一幅美丽的写竹图画。
      醉后躺卧桃笙竹制成的竹簟上,轻罗纨扇微微煽动凉气徐发。荷塘里骤雨一下子就过去了,明天一定会是秋风萧杀。

      注释

      清平乐(yuè):词牌名,取用汉乐府“清乐”、“平乐”两个乐调命名。双调四十六字,八句,上片四仄韵,下片三平韵。
      清话:清新美好的意思。
      销夏:消除暑气,即纳凉。销一作“消”。
      蜡炬:蜡烛。
      桃笙:竹簟。据陈鼎《竹谱》载,四川阆中产桃笙竹,节高皮软,制成竹席,暑月寝之无汗,故人呼竹簟为桃笙。
      熟罗:丝织物轻软而有疏孔的叫罗。织罗的丝或练或不练,故有熟罗、生罗之别。
      一霎:一会儿。


      创作背景

        这首词创作于清宣宗道光初年(1821年)。项鸿祚自幼天资聪援,善于著文。他填词很讲究音律,虽内容大都是伤春悲秋之作,然却以古艳哀怨的词风著称于世,在写作技巧上也有很多可取之处。这首词作是词人借描写夏夜在庭院纳凉的情景,抒发出几分对人生的哀怨。


      赏析

        词的上片,勾勒出一幅夏夜宁静清幽的画面。“水天清话,院静人销夏”二句,勾画出一幅夏夜宁静、清幽的画面。描写池水、夜空一片清澄,庭院悄然无声,只有词人在池畔乘凉。“蜡炬风摇帘不下,竹影半墙如画”,是写在庭院乘凉的词人所看到的室内的情景。根据下片词首句“醉来”二字判断,词人此时是在以酒销夏,边饮酒边观赏院中的景色,夜风吹来,室内的蜡烛光炬被风吹得摇晃不定,门帘也随风摇动;室外,月光将竹林映照在墙壁上,竹影依风摇曳,发出轻微的声响。在这里,词人是以动写静,那被风吹动的烛光,飘乎不定的门帘和那半墙如画的竹影,更显出夏夜的宁静,虽不一字月,却使人感到明月朗照。瞑目遐思。一幅清新优美的夏夜图便可在眼前浮现。

        词的下片着意描写词人乘凉时的心情。“醉来扶上桃笙,熟罗扇子凉轻”二句,是写人的动作。词人醉酒后扶墙走到床边,躺在竹席上,手执熟罗扇,轻轻的扇风虽使人略感清凉,但却难解词人的醉意,在朦胧的醉意中,词人由凉爽的夏夜,忽然想到了秋天的景色。“一霎荷塘过雨,明朝便是秋声”,眼前池塘正是莲叶碧青,荷花争奇之时,然而瞬间雨过,一夜间便花凋叶残,明朝醒来,庭院里便是一片秋声。最后两句着似写景,实则是借写醉意中的幻觉,寄托词人自己对人生的感慨。

        全词勾勒出一幅常见的池边消夏图,传递了一种闲适、安逸、祥和的气息。水天清话,夜深入静,是小令的基调,但不时有风中烛曳、墙上竹动、席上人晃、手中扇摇、水中波兴,来打破这种静谧。以动衬静,对比分明。项鸿祚曾自言“幼有愁癖”,容易触景生情,任何景物都能勾起他的忧情苦绪。这首词就是词人以传神的笔墨,抓住刹那间的愁情描绘出的如画的境界。

      项鸿祚(1798~1835)清代词人。原名继章,后改名廷纪,字莲生。钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。道光十二年(1832)举人,两应进士试不第,穷愁而卒,年仅三十八岁。家世业盐筴,巨富,至君渐落。鸿祚一生,大似纳兰性德。他与龚自珍同时为“西湖双杰”。其词多表现抑郁、感伤之情,著有《忆云词甲乙丙丁稿》4卷,《补遗》1卷,有光绪癸巳钱塘榆园丛刻本。

       



      有才子曰:项鸿祚《清平乐·池上纳凉》水天清话 院静人销夏

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      140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
      141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
      142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
      143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
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      146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/b16ba22d0070970d5f2953d968a1f88f.php ( 67.57 KB )
      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001835s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.002098s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001847s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001943s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002151s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.003547s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.003400s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002225s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.004101s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.003491s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002472s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.004694s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.002446s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002374s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002214s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 792 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.007702s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.002555s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001852s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3515 WHERE `id` = 792 [ RunTime:0.003195s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001871s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001807s ]
      0.517566s