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      张说《蜀道后期》秋风不相待 先至洛阳城
      发布日期:2023-09-23

       

      蜀道后期
      张说〔唐代〕


      客心争日月,来往预期程。
      秋风不相待,先至洛阳城。

       

      《蜀道后期》是唐朝大臣张说的诗作。此诗前两句写作者力争按时回到洛阳,不料情况突变,秋前回洛阳的希望落空了,表现了心中的怅惘;后两句作者却绕开一笔,埋怨秋风无情,不等自己抢先到洛阳去了,抒写内心感触,点明题意。这样避开了率直无味的毛病,把本来无情的秋风人格化了,借抱怨秋风,抒发心中烦恼,含蓄委婉,耐人寻味。

      译文及注释

      译文


      我客游在外,行事尽量迅速,像同时间在竞争一样,来往的行程都是预先规划好了的。
      可秋风不肯等待,自个儿先到洛阳城去了。

      注释

      蜀:今四川一带。
      争日月:同时间竞争。
      洛阳:当时的首都。武则天称帝后定都洛阳。

      名家点评

      明代杨逢春《唐诗偶评》:体格奇而肌理细。

      明代高棅《唐诗正声》:吴逸一评:诗意巧妙,非百炼不能,又似不用意而得者。 

      明代凌宏宪《唐诗广选》:“争”字、“预”宇,见得题中“后”字出,一字岂可轻下? 

      明末清初周珽《唐诗选脉会通评林》:周敬曰:想头远异。 

      明末清初徐增《而庵说唐诗》:人知其借秋风作解嘲,而不知其将秋风来按捺日月,故“争”字奇,“不相待”更奇。 

      清代朱之荆《增订唐诗摘钞》:“后期”者,不果前所期也。此何干秋风,而怨其不相待?“诗有别趣,而不关理”,即此之谓。
       
      清代沈德潜《唐诗别裁》:以秋风先到,形出己之后期,巧心浚发。 

      清代宋宗元《网师园唐诗笺》:烘托入妙(末二句下)。 

      清代宋顾乐《唐人万首绝句选评》:“后”字从对面托出,一句不正说,妙绝。责秋风微妙、此谓言外意。

      赏析

        此诗载于《全唐诗》卷八十九。下面是中华诗词学会理事、广东中华诗词学会名誉会长刘逸生先生对此诗的赏析。

        这首诗是张说在校书郎任内出使西川时写的,虽只寥寥二十字,却颇能看出他写诗的技巧和才华。

        一个接受任务到远地办事的人,总是怀着对亲人的眷恋,一到目的地,就掐指盘算着回归的日期,这种心情是很自然的。但张说能把这种幽隐的心情“发而为诗”,而且压缩在两句话里,却不简单。

        “客心争日月,来往预期程。”“客心”是旅外游子之心,“争日月”,象同时间进行一场争夺战。这“争”字实在写得好,把处在这种地位的游子的心情充分表露出来了。“来往预期程”,是申说自己所以“争日月”的缘故。公府的事都有个时间规定,那就要事先进行准备,作出计划,所以说是“预”。十个字把诗人当时面临的客观情况,心里的筹划、掂量,都写进去了,简炼明白,手法很高明。

        这十个字又是下文的伏笔。本来使蜀的日程安排是十分紧凑的,然而诗人回归之心更急切,他要力争按时回洛阳。他是洛阳人,在洛阳有家,预期回归,与家人团聚。

        下文忽然来个大转折:“秋风不相待,先至洛阳城。”不料情况突变,原定秋前赶回洛阳的希望落空了。游子之心,当然怅惘。然而诗人却有意把人的感情隐去,绕开一笔,埋怨起秋风来了:这秋风呵,也是够无情的,它就不肯等我一等,径自先回洛阳城去了。

        这一笔,妙在避开了率直无味的毛病,而且把人格化了的秋风形容为“无情的秋风”。这秋风先至,自然要引起许多烦恼。可以试想,秋风一至洛阳,亲人们必然要翘首企盼;而自己未能如约的苦衷就更不用说了。淡淡一笔,情致隽永深厚。

        在这里,诗人到底是埋怨秋风,还是抒发心中的烦恼?诗中没有明说,颇费人寻绎,正是所谓“含不尽之意见于言外”(欧阳修《六一诗话》)。不过可以想见,诗人对于这次情况的突然变化,确实感到意外,或有点不满,不过他用的是“含蓄”的语言罢了。

        张说早些时就写过一首《被使在蜀》诗:“即今三伏尽,尚自在临邛。归途千里外,秋月定相逢。”归期定在秋月,即此诗所谓“预期程”。不料时届秋令,秋风已起,比诗人“先至洛阳城”,他却落后了,即诗题所谓“后期”。秋风本是按时而起,无所谓“先”;只因诗人归期“后”了,便显出秋风的“先”来。两首合看,于诗中的情味当有更深的体会。▲

      创作背景

        这首诗作于武则天天授年间(690年九月—692年三月),其时诗人任校书郎,曾两度奉使入西蜀。诗人本已预期规程,却因事而被迫推迟,因而创作此诗。

      张说

      张说(667年~730年) 唐代文学家,诗人,政治家。字道济,一字说之。原籍范阳(今河北涿县),世居河东(今山西永济),徙家洛阳。

       



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      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
      148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
      149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000715s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001506s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000837s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001198s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001423s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001154s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000778s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000973s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000884s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000673s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000798s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001123s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001040s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000813s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001532s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 855 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000917s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001162s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000730s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2527 WHERE `id` = 855 [ RunTime:0.002887s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000807s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000893s ]
      0.156275s