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      杨万里《腊前月季》别有香超桃李外 更同梅斗雪霜中
      发布日期:2023-10-22

       

      腊前月季
      杨万里〔宋代〕


      只道花无十日红,此花无日不春风。
      一尖已剥胭脂笔,四破犹包翡翠茸。

      别有香超桃李外,更同梅斗雪霜中。
      折来喜作新年看,忘却今晨是季冬。


      《腊前月季》是南宋诗人杨万里创作的一首七言律诗。此诗首联写月季花的季节特征;颔联重点描绘了月季花开放时的形态和色泽;颈联以桃李作比,透露出月季花的别有香味,以雪梅作比,又衬托着月季花的盎然英姿;尾联写诗人的独特感受,表露了诗人腊月前见月季的欣喜之情。全诗语言生动,新鲜活泼,且结构谨严,层层描绘,既有对月季花的精勾细摹,又有诗人的感情抒发,二者紧密结合起来,有较好的艺术效果。

      名家点评

      湖南诗词协会会长徐长绵:全诗像顺口而出,但又新鲜泼辣,耐人寻味。南宋初期,逐渐形成了以爱国名将刘锜、岳飞韩世忠等为代表的力主抗金,收复失地,重整河山的主战派和以宋高宗、秦桧为首的决意与金妥协,割地赔款,换取苟安的主和派。诗人赞美月季傲霜斗雪的品格,应是对抗金爱国将领的歌颂,也是对主和派屈膝投降的暗讽。(《花鸟诗词欣赏》) [5]

      上海大学文学院兼职教授曹正文:月季花“花亘四时”,娇艳可爱,杨万里有一首七律写月季可谓传神:“只道花无十日红,此花无日不春风。一尖已剥胭脂笔,四破犹包翡翠茸。别有香超桃李外,更同梅斗雪霜中。折来喜作新年看,忘却今晨是季冬。”(《米舒文存》)

      译文及注释

      译文


      只以为花开后红艳不了几天,但是月季花每天都是春风满面,娇艳欲滴。
      初绽的蓓蕾就像一枝胭脂色的毛笔,翡翠般的细茸包裹着绽放的花朵。
      月季之芳香非但桃李所能媲美,更是同腊梅一起,抖擞精神,傲霜斗雪。
      欣喜地折下它来,作春花观赏,忘却了今晨还是隆冬腊月。

      注释

      腊:指腊月,古代在农历十二月里合祭众神叫做腊,因此农历十二月叫腊月。
      “此花”句:月季花月月开放,花期长达二百余天,故云。春风,喻和悦的神采,也表示朝气蓬勃,奋发有为。
      尖:月季花蓓蕾的顶端,此指月季花苞。剥:犹言绽开。胭脂笔:形容胭脂色的毛笔,是诗人为形容月季花蓓蕾初绽而作的比喻。
      四破:形容月季花完全展开时的形态。翡翠茸:翡翠般的细茸。翡翠,一种绿色、兰绿色或白色中带绿色斑纹的玉石,这里是取其颜色形容花蕊。
      新年:指早春。
      季冬:冬季的第三个月,犹言深冬、隆冬。

      赏析

        此诗首联写月季花的季节特征;颔联重点描绘了月季花开放时的形态和色泽;颈联以桃李作比,透露出月季花的别有香味,以雪梅作比,又衬托着月季花的盎然英姿;尾联写诗人的独特感受,表露了诗人腊月前见月季的欣喜之情。全诗语言生动,新鲜活泼,且结构谨严,层层描绘,既有对月季花的精勾细摹,又有诗人的感情抒发,二者紧密结合起来,有较好的艺术效果。

        此诗的标题是咏腊前月季,时候已是冬天,所以杨万里在诗里紧紧地抓住这两点来写。

        首联“只道花无十日红,此花无日不春风。”很自然地入诗点题。第二句破题承起句“花无十日红”,本世人之常见,诗人加上“只道”二字,否定了世俗之见,出了新意,读来倍感新鲜。“无日不春风”是纲领,统领全诗诗人以满腔的热情,歌颂月季充满了青春的活力,生机勃勃,奋发有为。这二句概写,一句说百花,“花无十日红”,二句说月季,“无日不春风”。虽不是对月季的具体描绘,有些抽象,但并不难理解,且总领两句,已见月季特色。

        颔联具体描绘。

        “一尖已剥胭脂笔,四破犹包翡翠茸”,写月季花花蕾初绽的喜人情态。这句又同上句“无日不春风”相应。用胭脂笔”摹其含苞待放时的神情意志,一“剥”字表现月季绽开时顷刻间的动作,化静态的物象为动态美,又以“破”、“包”两词,状描花萼托蕊,傲然而开。见出诗人观察之细致,描写之逼真,堪称独步。

        颈联写月季的浓香、风姿。

        “别有香超桃李外,更同梅斗雪霜中”,“超”字与“斗”字仍是承首联中的“春”字,进一步刻画了月季的雪压霜欺花更艳的高尚气质。诗人在这里特别赞美了月季傲霜斗雪的可贵品格。不仅写了月季的香,而且写了月季的风姿。

        尾联是写诗人的独特感受。

        “折来喜作新年看,忘却今晨是季冬”。头句急转,提出新题,尾句作答即合,点明题旨,回应开头综观四时,月季“无日不春风”,即使在隆冬腊月,仍与梅花盛开雪圃“喜作”与“忘却”两词用得极妙,增添了诗句的活泼性,幽默性,诙谐性。

        这首《腊前月季》,传为佳作。诗人为月季四季展浓艳,一年播芬芳,为人们生活增添乐趣的可贵品德所感,怀着深深的敬意,平平写来。对月季的爱悦,全部蕴含在浑融的诗歌意境中。玩索有味,体味有情。语言浅显,造境极佳,把月季写得神韵俱优。

      杨万里

      杨万里(1127年10月29日-1206年6月15日),字廷秀,号诚斋。吉州吉水(今江西省吉水县黄桥镇湴塘村)人。南宋著名诗人、大臣,与陆游、尤袤、范成大并称为“中兴四大诗人”。因宋光宗曾为其亲书“诚斋”二字,故学者称其为“诚斋先生”。杨万里一生作诗两万多首,传世作品有四千二百首,被誉为一代诗宗。他创造了语言浅近明白、清新自然,富有幽默情趣的“诚斋体”。杨万里的诗歌大多描写自然景物,且以此见长。他也有不少篇章反映民间疾苦、抒发爱国感情的作品。著有《诚斋集》等。

       



      有才子曰:杨万里《腊前月季》别有香超桃李外 更同梅斗雪霜中

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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000998s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.003142s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001032s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001712s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001189s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001505s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000907s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001503s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001240s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000937s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000941s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001015s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001529s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000827s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002341s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 871 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000998s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001481s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001542s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3429 WHERE `id` = 871 [ RunTime:0.002389s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001364s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001152s ]
      0.149988s