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      钱起
      朝代:[唐代] 2024-06-12
      钱起(722?780年),字仲文,汉族,吴兴(今浙江湖州市)人,唐代诗人。早年数次赴试落第,唐天宝十年(751年)进士,大书法家怀素和尚之叔。初为秘书省校书郎、蓝田县尉,后任司勋员外郎、考功郎中、翰林学士等。曾任考功郎中,故世称钱考功。代宗大历中为翰林学士。他是大历十才子之一,也是其中杰出者,被誉为大历十才子之冠。又与郎士元齐名,称钱郎,当时称为前有沈宋,后有钱郎。
      钱起生平

      轶事

        在我国文学史上,不管出于何种目的,人们总是喜欢把那些相关的事物放在一块儿来说,却往往并不使人满意;事实上,就是个中人士自己有时也未必都觉得满意——这可真是忒有意思了。

        盛、中唐之交的著名诗人钱起,由于他诗作所具有的成就,人们便有了“前有沈、宋,后有钱、郎”这样的口诀。①但钱一听就很不高兴了,居然嗤之以鼻道:“郎士元怎么能跟我相提并论呢?!”②也有人把钱跟刘长卿并列,而此后的评论者却又觉得钱的水平远远逊色于刘。③

        但不论怎么说,钱起的诗作水平固然是很不简单的。尽管他曾在驸马郭暧的席上不得不服了李端,④但他也曾在江淮诗人满座的情况下,因诗笔擅场,便一举摘得该次诗会的桂冠。

        吴兴人钱起小时候就极其聪明,还在乡里时他已很受人赞赏。有一次随人到京口(今江苏镇江),并住进了旅馆里;正感无聊的他便趁着皎洁的月光外出散步。忽然间,户外那悠远的吟诗声缓缓地传了过来,平时也喜欢吟诗的钱起不觉就仔细聆听起来。不知怎的,那人却一再地吟诵着这么相同语汇的两句——

        曲终人不见,江上数峰青……曲终人不见,江上数峰青……

        于是,钱起遂起来开门并缓缓地踱了出去,看看究竟是谁在吟诗。但大门一打开,却居然没有发现人!钱心中深觉奇怪,凭着他那极强的记忆力,一下子就把这诗句给记住了,只是他心中并没有太拿它当回事儿而已。

        玄宗天宝十载(751年),钱起参加“粉闱”考试,那试题就是《湘灵鼓瑟》,要求写作一首五言排律诗。他知道这题目出自屈原《楚辞·远游》里的句子“使湘灵鼓瑟兮,令海若舞冯夷”。由于对《楚辞》的格外熟悉,因此他自然很高兴;但在真正构思写作时,却久久未能完稿。正在迟疑间,钱起忽然想起那天晚间户外吟诗声的韵脚不也属于“九青”部吗?而且,如果把那联诗用在自己这诗结尾的话,不也是天衣无缝吗?想到这里,他很快地便写成全篇,并提前交卷了。

        时任主考官的李暐,⑤就把他眼前这份试卷拿了过来,并一再端详着:

        善鼓云和瑟,常闻帝子灵。
        冯夷空自舞,楚客不堪听。
        苦调凄金石,清音入杳冥。
        苍梧来怨慕,白芷动芳馨。
        流水传湘浦,悲风过洞庭。
        曲终人不见,江上数峰青!⑥

        李考官一再摇头晃脑地轻声吟诵着,他完全被诗中这优美的意境征服了;就是后来在试房里休憩时,他还一再叹赏着,并对之拍案叫绝道:“像这样高妙空灵的结句,只有神物相助才能写得出来啊!”于是,李便把钱置于高第;没过多久,钱就被授予校书郎一职。而此后,他的诗作还得到了大诗人王维的大力赞扬,说钱诗颇有“高格”。至于后来著名诗人如苏东坡、秦少游等人所用“湘灵鼓瑟”这一意象时,就几乎没有不以钱起这诗为蓝本的,却居然忘了它更早的出处《楚辞》!因为后来人们的那些语句的意蕴,都跟“曲终人不见,江上数峰青”这一空灵的意蕴大有关系,而非《楚辞·远游》里的意象。而这,不能不说也是一种颇为奇特的文化传承现象了吧?

        按:① 此口诀见高仲武《中兴间气集》评价钱起之诗时转述“士林语”;而范摅《云溪友议》则载以为“前有沈、宋、王、杜,后有钱、郎、刘、李”云云。② 此据《云溪友议》卷上。③ 胡应麟《诗薮·近体中·七言》称“钱才远不及刘”。④ 具见本书《面试华章倚马成》。⑤ 此据《旧唐书》及《郡斋读书志》之说;而《唐诗纪事》作“崔湋”,至于《登科记考》卷九以《永乐大典》引《苏州府志》,又以为当作“李麟”。⑥ 听,可平可仄,此为平声;调,名词,仄声。馨,现今无后鼻音;而古则有之,属“九青”韵部。

      介绍

        钱起,初为秘书省校书郎、蓝田县尉,后任司勋员外郎、考功郎中、翰林学士等。曾任考功郎中,故世称钱考功,与韩翃、李端、卢纶等号称大历十才子。钱起长于五言,词彩清丽,音律和谐。因与郎士元齐名,齐名“钱郎”。人为之语曰:“前有沈宋,后有钱郎。”对此,钱起很不满意,傲然说道:“郎士元安得与余并称也?”但是,朝廷公卿出牧奉使,若无钱、郎赋诗送别,则为时论所鄙。钱起诗作的题材多偏重于描写景物和投赠应酬。音律谐婉,时有佳句。

        钱起当时诗名很盛,其诗多为赠别应酬,流连光景、粉饰太平之作,与社会现实相距较远。然其诗具有较高的艺术水平,风格清空闲雅、流丽纤秀,尤长于写景,为大历诗风的杰出代表。

        少数作品感时伤乱,同情农民疾苦。以《省试湘灵鼓瑟》诗最为有名。有《钱考功集》,集中五绝《江行无题一百首》及若干篇章,为其曾孙钱珝所作。

      —— 版权所有:才子曰 ——
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      139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
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      141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
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      147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000620s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001014s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000435s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000789s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000449s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000651s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000340s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000378s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000450s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000532s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000438s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000349s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000575s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_poets` [ RunTime:0.000624s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_poets` WHERE `id` = 40 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000441s ]
      17. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000476s ]
      0.107725s